The small butterfly-shaped thyroid gland at the base of the neck produces vital hormones that regulates metabolism and controls our growth and development. It regulates many body functions by releasing a certain amount of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. The common thyroid problems include hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid leading to lack of thyroid hormone) or hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid with too much thyroid hormone produced). Other rarer problems include enlarged thyroid, nodules, and cancer.
In hypothyroidism, physiological processes slow down resulting in symptoms such as constipation, weight gain, feeling cold, dry hair, low mood, brain fog, fatigue, and trouble in concentrating. Hyperthyroidism can lead to loose motions, intolerance to heat, insomnia, weight loss, nervous feeling and anxiety.
Here is what you must do and you must not do if you have thyroid problems.
Follow your doctor’s advice: Always follow the treatment plan prescribed by your doctor. This includes medication, going for regular check-ups, and specific lifestyle changes. Medicines must be taken as prescribed and you must not miss doses as this can cause serious health issues. Go in for regular health checks.
Don't be tempted by quick fixes or miracle cures you may come across on social media. Do not self-medicate. Rely on evidence-based information from your doctor.
Follow a balanced diet: Eating a healthy, balanced diet can help manage thyroid problems. As iodine is essential for thyroid function, your diet must include foods rich in iodine, such as dairy products, fish, and eggs. However, avoid excessive amounts, as too much iodine can also worsen thyroid issues. Eat a balanced diet.
Note that certain foods like broccoli, cauliflower and soya in excess can interfere with your thyroid medication so must be consumed only in moderation. Limit caffeine and alcohol as excess as it can interfere with thyroid function and exacerbate symptoms.
Manage stress: While you cannot eliminate stress entirely, try to manage it effectively. Yoga, meditation, deep breathing exercises, a slow leisurely walk in the garden can help in calming your mind and body.
Some advice specially for women: If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it’s crucial to manage your thyroid condition carefully as untreated thyroid problems can affect both mother and baby. If you are going through menopause, you must be aware that hormonal changes during menopause can affect thyroid function. Consult your doctor.
(Author: Dr. Dheeraj Kapoor, Head, Endocrinology, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital Mumbai)
