In the heart of Alabama, a shocking labor scandal unfolded that exposed how one of the world’s largest automakers operated. Apparently, Hyundai Motor Company allowed children as young as 12 to work in dangerous factory conditions. Along with its suppliers, Hyundai became embroiled in a child labor controversy that revealed troubling practices within its U.S. manufacturing operations. This story matters because it exposes how vulnerable immigrant children can be exploited in American factories.
1. The Discovery of Child Workers in Hyundai’s Supply Chain
In July 2022, Reuters published an explosive investigation revealing that SMART Alabama LLC, a Hyundai-owned subsidiary, had employed minors as young as 12 years old at its metal stamping plant in Luverne, Alabama. The facility supplied parts directly to Hyundai’s nearby assembly plant in Montgomery. According to former employees, approximately 50 underage workers, many of them children of Guatemalan migrants, were working at the facility. The discovery came to light after a 13-year-old Guatemalan girl temporarily disappeared from her family’s home in February 2022, drawing attention to the fact that she and her two brothers, ages 12 and 15, had been working at the plant instead of attending school.
2. The Extent of the Child Labor Network
As investigations deepened, authorities found that child labor wasn’t isolated to just one supplier. Reuters uncovered evidence of child workers throughout Hyundai and Kia’s Alabama supply chain, including at companies named SL Alabama, Hwashin America, and AJIN. At SMART, over 20 boys and girls aged around 12 to 16 worked with heavy equipment, including operating forklifts and welding machinery. The practice was so widespread that one employee, Carlos Herrera, reported that Hyundai officials wearing company-branded shirts visited the plant while children were visibly working on the factory floor, yet took no action to stop it.
3. How the Exploitation Worked
The system relied on staffing agencies that recruited vulnerable immigrant children. Best Practice Service LLC, a staffing agency in Montgomery, supplied labor to SMART Alabama and other parts manufacturers. These agencies created a buffer of deniability between Hyundai and the illegal employment practices. Many of the children were migrants from Central America who faced “exploitation from debt bondage” as they worked to repay smuggling debts. According to documents from the Office of Refugee Resettlement, some children expressed fear of deportation based on threats made by company officials. This trapped them in the dangerous working conditions.
4. Dangerous Conditions and Injuries
State and federal labor laws prohibit minors under 18 from working in metal stamping and pressing operations near dangerous machinery. Yet these children were doing exactly that. At SMART, after two incidents where teenage workers fell and injured themselves, complaints to management were ignored. “I would tell them: this person shouldn’t be working… but they didn’t care,” said employee Carlos Herrera. Instead of attending school as required by Alabama law for children 17 and under, these minors worked shifts of up to 50-60 hours per week. During that time, they were operating machinery that formed sheet metal into auto body parts.
5. The Legal Consequences
In May 2024, the U.S. Department of Labor filed a lawsuit against Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama, SMART Alabama, and Best Practice Service. The suit alleged that they jointly employed a 13-year-old who worked up to 60 hours per week on an assembly line. The lawsuit seeks to prevent the companies from employing children illegally and demands that they surrender profits related to child labor. Earlier, in September 2022, the Labor Department had fined SL Alabama $30,076 for child labor violations, while Alabama’s state Department of Labor imposed additional fines of $17,800 each on SL Alabama and its recruiting firm.
The True Cost of Cutting Corners
This scandal reveals how even major corporations can become complicit in exploitative labor practices when profit margins and production quotas take precedence over human rights and legal compliance. While Hyundai has since announced plans to divest its controlling stake in SMART and claims to have implemented stricter oversight of its suppliers, the damage to both vulnerable children and the company’s reputation has already been done.
The Hyundai child labor scandal serves as a stark reminder that consumers should question not just the quality of products they purchase, but also the ethics of how those products are made. As investigations continue and legal proceedings unfold, one question remains: How many other major manufacturers might be turning a blind eye to similar practices in their supply chains?
Have you ever researched the labor practices behind products you regularly purchase? Share your thoughts on corporate responsibility in the comments below.
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