Reindeer in Scandinavia are under threat.
Only four percent of their grazing land remains untouched by human encroachment, a new study reveals.
Intensive forestry, outdoor tourism, road and railway traffic, mining, and wind farms are all contributing to this loss of land.
The study, published in the journal Scientific Reports, looked at Norway, Sweden and Finland and concluded that around 85 percent of the region is affected by one type of human activity, while 60 percent is exposed to multiple forms of human intervention.
Marianne Stoessel, a Ph.D. student in Landscape, Environment, and Geomatics at Stockholm University, and lead author of the study, said: “In northern Fennoscandia, we are lucky to still have one of the oldest herding systems in Europe, where reindeer can roam freely over 40 percent of Norway, Sweden, and Finland.
“Or at least, they used to. With the rising human presence taking place on multiple fronts, the resilience of northern pastoralism is under threat.”
Dr. Regina Lindborg, a professor from the department of physical geography and quaternary geology at Stockholm University, co-author of the study and coordinator of the project, said: “Grazing is a key process for maintaining plant biodiversity, even in the mountains.”
“So it was important for us to study the extent of these cumulative pressures with having the summer pastures in mind, where grazing takes place.”
While human interaction is a huge threat to reindeer grazing in the north, they do face other pressures such as predators and climate change.
Reindeer herders, policymakers, and the scientific community are all aware of the issues.
Ms. Stoessel said: “What is new is that we finally managed to get an overview of these pressures over the whole area.”
“This was not easy, as the different land-uses act at different scales and can be very dynamic, so can be the predators and the effects of climate change on grazing.”
The fear is that these pressures will create a huge change in the landscape and vegetation in this area, minimizing biodiversity and pushing reindeer out of their homes into much smaller grazing areas.
Produced in association with SWNS Talker.
