Retirement should be a time to relax, not worry about taxes. But for many, state tax laws can turn a comfortable retirement into a financial headache. Some states tax retirement income in ways that catch people off guard. In a few places, you might even pay taxes on the same retirement income twice. This can shrink your nest egg faster than you planned. If you’re thinking about where to retire, or you already live in one of these states, it’s important to know how double taxation works. Here’s what you need to watch out for—and what you can do about it.
1. California: Taxing Out-of-State Pensions
California is known for its high taxes, but it also has a unique way of taxing retirement income. If you earned a pension in another state and then moved to California, you might still owe California income tax on that pension. This happens even if you already paid taxes on that income in the state where you earned it. California doesn’t offer a tax credit for taxes paid to other states on retirement income. So, you could end up paying taxes twice on the same money. If you’re planning to move to California after retiring, check how your pension will be taxed. You might want to talk to a tax advisor before making the move.
2. New York: Double Taxation on Out-of-State Retirement Benefits
New York taxes most forms of retirement income, including pensions and 401(k) withdrawals, unless they come from a New York public pension. If you earned a pension in another state and paid taxes there, New York might still tax that income when you move. The state does not always give full credit for taxes paid to other states, especially if the income is not considered “New York source income.” This means you could pay taxes twice—once in the state where you earned the pension, and again in New York. If you’re thinking about retiring to New York, review your retirement income sources and see how they’ll be taxed. This can help you avoid surprises when tax season comes around.
3. New Jersey: No Credit for Taxes Paid Elsewhere
New Jersey is another state where retirees may be subject to double taxation. If you receive retirement income from another state, New Jersey may tax it as if you had earned it in New Jersey. The state does not offer a credit for taxes paid to other states on retirement income. This is especially tough for people who worked in one state but retired to New Jersey. You could end up paying taxes on the same income in both states. New Jersey does offer some exclusions for certain types of retirement income, but these don’t always apply if you’re getting a pension from out of state. Before moving to New Jersey, look at how your retirement income will be taxed. It might make sense to keep your primary residence elsewhere.
4. Nebraska: Taxing Social Security and Pensions
Nebraska taxes Social Security benefits and most other retirement income, including pensions and IRA withdrawals. If you paid taxes on your retirement income in another state, Nebraska might still tax it again. The state does not always provide a credit for taxes paid to other states, especially if the income is not considered Nebraska-source. This can lead to double taxation for retirees who move to Nebraska after working elsewhere. Nebraska has made some changes to reduce taxes on Social Security, but many retirees still face a heavy tax burden. If you’re considering Nebraska for retirement, factor in how your income will be taxed.
5. Vermont: Limited Relief for Out-of-State Retirement Income
Vermont taxes most retirement income, including Social Security, pensions, and IRA distributions. If you earned your retirement income in another state and paid taxes there, Vermont may still tax it again. The state offers only limited credits for taxes paid to other states, and these credits don’t always cover all types of retirement income. This means you could pay taxes twice on the same money. Vermont does have some income-based exemptions, but many retirees don’t qualify. If you’re planning to retire in Vermont, review your income sources and see how they’ll be taxed. This can help you avoid paying more than you need to.
What You Can Do to Protect Your Retirement Income
Double taxation on retirement income is a real problem in these five states. It can eat into your savings and make retirement more expensive than you expected. The best way to protect yourself is to plan ahead. Before you move, check how your new state taxes retirement income. Look for states that offer credits for taxes paid elsewhere or that don’t tax retirement income at all. If you already live in one of these states, talk to a tax professional about your options. Sometimes, changing your residency or the way you withdraw your retirement funds can help. And always keep good records of where your income was earned and where you paid taxes. This can make it easier to claim any credits you’re entitled to.
Have you experienced double taxation on your retirement income? Share your story or tips in the comments below.
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