An expert who helped inform the government's approach to the coronavirus pandemic has warned that pubs and restaurants may need to close to keep universities and schools open and covid-19 under control.
Professor Neil Ferguson, of Imperial College London, said the most important measures were reducing contacts between households.
Speaking on BBC Radio 4's Today programme, he said that with schools and universities open, ways needed to be found to reduce contacts in other areas, such as an "extended half term" or closing hospitality venues.
Prof Ferguson said: "So we are in a more difficult position, if we want to keep schools open we have to reduce contacts in other areas of society by more.
"You will have heard measures being discussed across society as a whole such as extended half terms where we try to reduce transmission for a concerted period.
"I think those measures should be considered."
Prof Ferguson also said that contact tracing data showed that attending bars and restaurants was a risk factor in contracting the virus.
Closing venues should be considered in "hotspot" areas where case numbers are increasing but the risk of transmission from meeting people outside was low, he added.
Prof Ferguson said: "If people are sensible meeting outdoors, really the risk is quite low.
"I think the risk really comes from meeting indoors, in enclosed environments.
"Of course as the weather gets colder meeting outdoors is less appealing, people obviously do want to meet indoors but that's where transmission happens unfortunately."
Prof Ferguson also said that there was a risk of the NHS becoming overwhelmed with deaths, hospital admissions and beds occupied by Covid-19 patients doubling every two weeks.
Keep up to date with coronavirus cases in your area by adding your postcode below
He added: "But admissions to hospital, hospital beds occupied with Covid patients and deaths are all tracking cases, they are at a low level but they are basically doubling every two weeks and we just cannot have that continue indefinitely, the NHS will be overwhelmed again."
It comes amid rising cases across parts of England with the latest weekly infection figures showing that Manchester's rate has soared, with 2,927 new cases recorded in the seven days to October 2 - the equivalent of 529.4 cases per 100,000 people.
Knowsley and Liverpool have the second and third highest rates, at 498.5 and 487.1 respectively.
Other areas recording big jumps in their seven-day rates include Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Nottingham and Leeds.
Sheffield's rate shot up from 100.9 to 286.6 and figures from the University of Sheffield's Covid-19 statistics web page showed nearly 500 students and staff had tested positive since the start of the autumn term last week.
