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National

Urban mining transforms Brazil neighborhood into ghost town

Since 2020, tens of thousands of residents have accepted payouts and left their homes behind.  (AP: Eraldo Peres)

This part of Maceio, the capital of Brazil's north-eastern Alagoas state, used to buzz with the sounds of cars, commerce and children playing.

It went silent as residents evacuated en masse, eager to escape the looming destruction of their homes, which were cracking and crumbling.

The Bebedouro neighborhood was abandoned because of ground subsidence caused by the Braskem mine. (AP: Eraldo Peres)

Beneath their floors, the subsurface was riddled with dozens of cavities: the legacy of four decades of rock salt mining in five urban neighbourhoods.

That caused the soil above to settle and structures atop it to start coming apart.

Since 2020, the communities have hollowed out as tens of thousands of residents accepted payouts from petrochemical company Braskem to relocate.

Graffiti scrawled on the wall of an abandoned home reads in Portuguese: "Leave me in peace Braskem", in the Farol neighbourhood of Maceio. (AP: Eraldo Peres)

Few holdouts remain, several of whom told The Associated Press they imagine the ground under their feet resembling Swiss cheese.

Still, Paulo Sergio Doe, 51, said he would never leave his home in the Pinheiro neighbourhood where he grew up.

Braskem is one of the biggest petrochemical companies in the Americas, owned primarily by Brazilian state-run oil company Petrobras and construction giant Novonor, formerly known as Odebrecht.

More than 55,000 people have been forced from their homes in Maceio, but some residents remain. (AP: Eraldo Peres)

The company isn't forcibly evicting anyone, though those still here said it feels that way.

It reached an agreement with prosecutors and public defenders to compensate families so they could uproot and start over elsewhere.

By Braskem's count, 97.4 per cent of affected homes — more than 14,000 — are now vacant, the company said in its 2021 earnings call on Thursday.

The 55,000 evacuees left behind not just neighbours and friends, but also jobs; 4,500 mostly small- and medium-sized businesses that sustained 30,000 people were shuttered, according to a study The Federal University of Alagoas published last year.

Residents salvaged everything they could to sell for extra cash, including their roof tiles. (AP: Eraldo Peres)

Among those businesses were local supermarkets and a ballet school that operated for 38 years, according to Adriana Capretz, part of the university's work group to monitor the neighbourhoods.

The exodus is evident from above; departing residents salvaged everything they could sell for extra cash, including their roof tiles. Their removal allows unimpeded views inside the once-occupied spaces.

The amount Braskem offered wasn't enough for Natalícia Gonçalves.

Natalícia Gonçalves has set up a barricade outside her home to ward of potential burglars.   (AP: Eraldo Peres)

The retired teacher, 77, also said she felt too old to start fresh. So she watched as everyone in Pinheiro left her.

Now she lives inside a makeshift fortress behind boards and plants aimed at deterring would-be burglars.

Braskem security guards do rounds on motorcycles, briefly interrupting the evenings' eerie silence.

"They've already done everything to force me to go, but I have my rights," she said from behind her home's fortified exterior.

The ruins of an abandoned school stand in the Pinheiro neighbourhood of Maceio. (AP: Eraldo Peres)

Braskem has so far disbursed about 40 per cent of the more than 5 billion reais ($1.4 billion) it has set aside for relocation, compensation of individuals including residents and local employees and the transfer of facilities like schools and hospitals, the company said in its earnings call.

It is directing 6 billion reais more for closing and monitoring the salt mines, as well as social, environmental and urbanistic measures.

Wrapping up the call, Braskem's CEO Roberto Lopes Pontes Simões highlighted the company's year, including "all the advance we had in Maceio" in having relocated nearly everyone from the neighbourhoods.

Paulo Sergio Doe and his wife stand behind a wooden cross reading "Braskem Assassin. We are Resistance". (AP: Eraldo Peres)

No house has been swallowed by the earth, nor was any person killed.

Ms Capretz, a professor in the university's architecture and urbanism school, said that doesn't mean heartache was avoided.

"The tragedy is happening, not just regarding the geological phenomena but, primarily, because there are cases of people who committed suicide, many who became sick with depression, lost their social lives, family ties, friends and neighbours," Ms Capretz said as she walked through the Bebedouro neighbourhood.

"None of that is being considered by Braskem."

The company's press office said in a lengthy response to AP's questions that it provides free psychological consultations to any residents participating in the compensation and relocation program.

It said the program was created based on law and legal rulings in similar cases and said compensation offers are always presented to individuals alongside their lawyer or a public defender.

Quitéria Maria da Silva (right) is the last resident on her street, refusing to abandon her home. (AP: Eraldo Peres)

But negotiations can be clouded by sentiment; the price of a house isn't the same as the value of a home.

Quitéria Maria da Silva, 64, and her grandson were waiting for the rest of their family to come play dominoes on a table they set up beneath the only lamppost on their street that's still functional.

Even as da Silva said she would move were Braskem to pay her requested amount, she expressed ambivalence:

ABC/wires

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