The UK is falling behind on international efforts to tackle microplastics, scientists have said, as the pollutants continue to infiltrate food, ecosystems and human bodies.
The tiny fragments of plastic have been found in human testicles and brains, and they burrow into plants, inhibiting their ability to photosynthesise. The impact on human health is largely unknown, but they have been linked to strokes and heart attacks.
Microplastics are broken down from plastic waste and have polluted the entire planet, from the summit of Mount Everest to the deepest oceans. People consume the tiny particles via food, water and by breathing them in.
Scientists have warned that the UK is falling behind the EU and US, which are already introducing enforceable targets and limits on microplastics in areas such as wastewater and drinking water.
A policy brief delivered to MPs on Tuesday by the University of Portsmouth’s Global Plastics Policy Centre called for a comprehensive approach with targets to address microplastics at source, research funding to establish safe microplastic exposure limits and identifying interventions to improve neglected areas such as soil and air quality.
Dr Antaya March, the director of the Global Plastics Policy Centre, said: “Microplastic pollution represents a complex, transboundary policy challenge with implications for environmental health, public well-being, and long-term economic resilience. Its diffuse sources and persistence across ecosystems call for a coordinated and forward-looking response.
“The fact that the evidence is still emerging should not be a reason to delay action. A national roadmap informed by international developments is not only timely but necessary to ensure policy coherence and future readiness.”
The scientists have recommended that the government sets up a roadmap with measurable targets and timelines to tackle the microplastic problem. They are also calling for interventions in high-emission sectors such as agriculture. Sewage sludge that contains high concentrations of microplastics is spread on fields as fertiliser, and plastic-based mulching is contributing to widespread soil contamination.
At the moment, there is a ban in the UK on cosmetic products that use microbeads, but the scientists said these tiny plastics need to be recognised and designed out of products beyond this, including setting design standards for clothing and other textiles so they shed less.
Prof Fay Couceiro, from the microplastics research group at the University of Portsmouth said: “Microplastic pollution is an escalating threat with potentially irreversible consequences. Without decisive action, the UK’s environment and global leadership will be compromised, with potential impacts to public health. Implementing a robust, forward-looking microplastic policy framework is urgent and essential to protect us, our environment and the economy.”
A spokesperson for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs said: “For too long, plastic has littered our rivers and oceans and threatened our wildlife.
“This must change. We are taking action to clean up our waterways to make sure it works for people and the environment.”
