23 March
At 4.20am, a Red Crescent ambulance on its way to collect people injured by an airstrike in Rafah comes under Israeli fire in Hashashin. Two paramedics are killed.
One survivor, Munther Abed, is detained and interrogated. A few hours later, a convoy including ambulances, a fire truck, health ministry vehicles and a UN car is dispatched to recover the bodies of the two paramedics. It also comes under fire. Two health ministry vehicles drive away but contact is lost with the rest of the convoy. Two ambulances sent from Rafah also disappear.
Six days earlier, Israel had ended a two-month-old ceasefire and resumed its military campaign against Hamas and other militant groups in Gaza with heavy aerial bombing and ground operations.
24 March
Gaza’s civil defence agency says it has not heard from the missing people. Access to the site is blocked by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).
26 March
A convoy of vehicles carrying officials from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Ocha) tries and fails to access the site. While en route, the Ocha team see a woman being shot, the bullet hitting her in the back of the head, and a man who is trying to retrieve her also being shot. The woman’s body is recovered and put into a UN vehicle.
27 March
The Ocha team finally make it to the site. They report finding the ambulances, the UN vehicle and the fire truck crushed and partially buried. The body of a civil defence worker is recovered from under the fire truck, but the recovery mission has to withdraw as the situation becomes unsafe.
28 March
The civil defence agency says it has accessed the site and found the body of its team leader there, as well as an ambulance and the Red Crescent’s fire truck, which it says has been “reduced to a pile of scrap metal”.
30 March
Ocha officials and Red Crescent workers return to the site and find the bodies of eight Red Crescent workers, the five other civil defence responders and one UN staff member buried in a mass grave. A ninth Red Crescent worker remains unaccounted for.
The crushed UN vehicle and the fire truck can be seen in photographs taken at the scene.
In a video filmed at the scene, Jonathan Whittall, the head of Ocha in Palestine, says the dead were shot “one by one” and then buried in a mass grave.
31 March
The burials are postponed pending autopsies. The head of Ocha, Tom Fletcher, says the dead were found buried by their wrecked and well-marked vehicles. “They were killed by Israeli forces while trying to save lives,” Fletcher says. “We demand answers and justice.”
The IDF claims its soldiers opened fire on the vehicles because they were “advancing suspiciously toward IDF troops without headlights or emergency signals” and alleges, without providing evidence, that Hamas and Islamic Jihad militants were among those killed. None were reported to be in the mass grave.
1 April
Two witnesses tell the Guardian that some of the bodies recovered from the grave had had their hands or feet tied, suggesting they were shot after being detained. A Red Crescent official says Israeli soldiers could be heard – over a phone line that was open to one of the paramedics at the time of the convoy shooting – ordering restraints to detain apparent survivors from the convoy.
2 April
A forensics consultant who examined five of the bodies says there is evidence of execution-style killing in some cases based on the “specific and intentional” location of shots taken at close range. The UK foreign secretary, David Lammy, says Gaza has become the world’s most dangerous place for humanitarian workers and calls for those responsible for the killings to be held accountable.
3 April
The Israeli military says it is investigating the killings. It maintains that “terrorists” were advancing in the ambulances.
Abed, the survivor, tells the Guardian he was detained and beaten and had to watch as one ambulance and rescue vehicle after another approached the scene and came under intense gunfire. He says he witnessed the wreckage being buried by military bulldozers, and that he saw the missing Red Crescent worker, Assad al-Nsasrah, alive and in Israeli detention. Abed says that after several hours of Israeli interrogation he was released and left to walk homewards.
4 April
Footage emerges that contradicts the official Israeli version of events. Found on the phone of one of the victims, which had been buried with his body, and first published by the New York Times, it shows a convoy of ambulances and a fire truck driving along a dirt road, clearly marked with official insignia and with their red and blue emergency vehicle lights flashing.
5 April
The IDF admits in a press briefing that its first version of events was “mistaken” and says it is launching a thorough investigation, though the unnamed military briefer sticks to its insistence that “there were terrorists” at the scene of the incident. No evidence to support the claim is presented.
The brother of one of the paramedic victims, Saleh Moamer, tells the Guardian there were “marks from restraints on Saleh’s wrists where the Israeli army had bound him”.
7 April
The Red Crescent says autopsies conducted on those killed on 23 March show they were shot in the upper body with “intent to kill”. Germany, one of Israel’s strongest supporters in Europe, calls for a full investigation of the incident.
12 April
IDF confirms that the soldiers involved in the incident were from its Golani Brigade. At the time, the brigade was under the control of the Armoured 14th Brigade, whose commander, Brig Gen Yehuda Vach, is reported by Haaretz to have told troops “there are no innocents in Gaza”. In a video of Golani troops being briefed before their redeployment to Gaza earlier this month, aired by Israel’s Channel 14, a battalion commander tells the soldiers: “Anyone you encounter there is an enemy. You identify anyone, you eliminate him.”
A senior military intelligence source tells the Guardian that Unit 504, a military intelligence team with a reputation for cruelty and reckless behaviour including torture, was also present during the attack.
14 April
The International Committee of the Red Cross says Nsasrah, the missing paramedic, , is being detained in Israel. The ICRC adds that it has not been able to visit him.
