Every year, the IRS releases a “Dirty Dozen” list—a public warning to taxpayers about the latest and most dangerous tax scams circulating across the country. These scams target both individuals and tax professionals, aiming to steal personal information, refunds, or even entire identities. From fake charities to shady “tax experts,” these schemes evolve quickly, preying on confusion and trust. Understanding how these scams work is your best defense against falling victim. Here are the 12 tax scams the IRS wants every American to watch out for this year.
1. Email and Text Phishing Attacks
Phishing remains one of the most common tax scams the IRS warns about every year. Scammers send fake emails claiming to be from the IRS or tax preparation companies, luring victims with promises of refunds or threats of legal action. These emails often contain links that lead to fake websites or malware downloads. A newer twist, called “smishing,” uses text messages to do the same thing. The IRS never contacts taxpayers by email, text, or social media, so delete any suspicious message immediately.
2. Bad Social Media Tax Advice
Social media platforms have become breeding grounds for misleading tax information. Some videos and posts encourage taxpayers to misuse legitimate forms—like the W-2—to claim fake credits or refunds. This trend is especially common on platforms like TikTok, where “tax hack” videos spread quickly. The IRS has made it clear that following this bad advice can result in hefty fines or even criminal charges. Always rely on verified information from the IRS website or licensed tax professionals.
3. IRS Online Account Assistance Scams
Another fast-growing tax scam involves fake “helpers” who offer to set up your IRS online account for you. The scammers claim to simplify the process but instead use it to steal your personal information. Once they gain access, they can file fraudulent tax returns in your name and collect your refund. The IRS emphasizes that setting up an online account is free and easy to do yourself at IRS.gov. If someone offers this “service,” it’s almost certainly a con.
4. Fake Charities That Exploit Generosity
Whenever disaster strikes or headlines highlight humanitarian crises, fake charities start popping up. Scammers create convincing websites or social media pages to collect donations that never reach real victims. In some cases, they use the opportunity to steal your credit card or banking details. Before donating, always verify that the organization is registered with the IRS’s Tax Exempt Organization Search tool. Remember—if the group pressures you to donate immediately, it’s probably a fake.
5. False Fuel Tax Credit Claims
Some dishonest tax preparers or online influencers encourage taxpayers to claim the fuel tax credit even when they’re not eligible. This credit is intended only for off-highway business use, like farming or construction—not personal vehicles. Filing for it incorrectly can trigger audits or penalties. The IRS has seen a rise in fake promotions encouraging people to use Form 4136 to boost refunds. Always confirm your eligibility before claiming any specialized tax credit.
6. Bogus Sick Leave and Family Leave Credits
A newer addition to the list of tax scams involves people falsely claiming pandemic-era credits that no longer apply. Fraudulent social media posts tell taxpayers to use Form 7202 to get large refunds for sick leave or family leave—even if they were employees, not self-employed. These credits were only valid for income earned during 2020 and 2021. Filing for them now is illegal and could lead to repayment demands or penalties. The IRS continues to flag this growing issue across multiple states.
7. The Fake Self-Employment Tax Credit
Scammers are also pushing a nonexistent “Self-Employment Tax Credit” on social media. They falsely claim that gig workers and freelancers can receive payments of up to $32,000 as part of a government relief program. In reality, no such credit exists. Fraudsters use this tactic to collect personal information or charge upfront fees to “file” on your behalf. The IRS warns that any credit related to self-employment income is highly specific and must follow official eligibility guidelines.
8. False Household Employment Tax Claims
In this scam, taxpayers fabricate household employees—like nannies or caregivers—and file Schedule H to claim fake sick or family leave wages. Some even claim refunds for taxes they never paid. It might sound harmless, but this scheme is outright fraud. The IRS can quickly verify whether these employees exist, and those caught filing false claims can face steep penalties. Always file based on real employment and accurate income records.
9. The Overstated Withholding Scheme
One of the more complex tax scams on the IRS radar involves falsifying W-2 or 1099 forms to inflate income and withholding. Scammers claim that by exaggerating these amounts, taxpayers can get massive refunds. But once the IRS reviews the forms and finds no matching employer data, those refunds are frozen and flagged for investigation. This scam can also involve multiple form types, including W-2G and 1099-DIV. Submitting falsified tax information is a quick path to fines or prosecution.
10. Misleading “Offer in Compromise” Mills
The Offer in Compromise (OIC) program helps taxpayers settle debts with the IRS, but scammers exploit it through aggressive “OIC mills.” They promise to wipe away your tax debt for a large upfront fee, even if you don’t qualify. These companies rarely deliver, leaving victims deeper in financial trouble. Taxpayers can check their eligibility for free through the official IRS Offer in Compromise Pre-Qualifier tool. If someone guarantees forgiveness for a price, it’s a clear red flag.
11. Ghost Tax Return Preparers
Not all tax preparers are trustworthy. “Ghost preparers” complete returns for clients but refuse to sign or include their IRS Preparer Tax Identification Number (PTIN), as required by law. Many charge fees based on the refund amount—an illegal practice that often leads to fraudulent filings. If a preparer won’t sign your return, don’t use them. Always choose certified professionals with transparent pricing and verifiable credentials.
12. New Client and Spear Phishing Attacks on Tax Pros
Cybercriminals have shifted their focus to tax professionals through spear phishing attacks. They pretend to be new clients and send emails that contain malicious links or attachments. Once opened, these links infect systems and expose sensitive client data. This scam is particularly dangerous because it affects both tax professionals and their clients. The IRS urges professionals to verify all new contacts and use multi-factor authentication to protect sensitive accounts.
Staying Safe from the “Dirty Dozen” Threats
The IRS updates its Dirty Dozen list every year to help taxpayers stay one step ahead of evolving scams. The biggest takeaway is simple: if something sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Protect yourself by verifying all sources, filing honestly, and consulting legitimate tax professionals when in doubt. Staying alert and skeptical is the best defense against losing your money—or your identity—to these sophisticated fraudsters.
Have you ever come across one of these tax scams or spotted suspicious activity during tax season? Share your experience or advice in the comments below!
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