Ten people killed in West Belfast 50 years ago in shootings involving British soldiers were “entirely innocent”, a coroner ruled on Tuesday.
The Army was responsible for nine of the 10 deaths, Mrs Justice Keegan said.
Catholic priest Father Hugh Mullan and mum-of-eight Joan Connolly were among those killed over three days.
Ms Keegan said it was unclear where the shot that killed the 10th victim, John McKerr, came from.
Acknowledging it was a torrid time, she said the military force used had been “disproportionate”.
Ms Keegan also criticised the “shocking” lack of a proper inquiry.
And she ruled out any victims having paramilitary involvement, sparking applause.
Father Mullan, 38, and Frank Quinn, 19, were shot dead in Springfield Park, Ballymurphy, on August 9, 1971.
Around the same time, near an Army barracks, Noel Phillips, 19, Joseph Murphy, 41, Mrs Connolly and Daniel Teggart, both 44, were fatally wounded.
The next day, Eddie Doherty, 31, died after being shot.
Joseph Corr, 43, and John Laverty, 20, were killed the next morning.
Ex-soldier Mr McKerr, 49, died later that day.
