Crowds gathered at Rabin Square before marching down Ben Gurion Boulevard, chanting and waving banners.
Organised by a prominent pro-democracy group, the demonstration is the latest in a series of weekly rallies targeting Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s leadership.
Protesters say not enough is being done to secure the release of hostages taken during the 7 October Hamas-led attack, which sparked the ongoing conflict.
More than 54,200 people have been killed and over 123,400 wounded since fighting began, according to figures from the Gaza Health Ministry.