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The Philadelphia Inquirer
The Philadelphia Inquirer
National
Stacey Burling

Tear gas has been controlling crowds for a century. How does it work? Can it cause permanent harm?

PHILADELPHIA _ Christopher Rapuano, chief of the cornea service at Wills Eye Hospital, got a small dose of tear gas a few years ago as he stood on the fringes of a demonstration in Hong Kong. His eyes started to burn. Then they teared up and his vision blurred. He ran to fresher air.

Chris Cramer, a University of Minnesota chemist, got much bigger doses while in the Army, where he was a chemical weapons specialist. To underscore the value of gas masks, soldiers in training would don the masks, wait until tear gas had been fired, then take them off.

"It feels as though bees are stinging you in your eyes," Cramer said. The tearing is like "onions taken to the hundredth power." Your throat involuntarily closes. Mucus streams from your nose. Your skin feels sunburned. "It's a special kind of misery."

A new generation is learning about tear gas the hard way as authorities try to control demonstrations following the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis. Police used it in Philadelphia Monday night and in Washington to clear the way for a presidential photo-op.

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