You Suffer, the 12th song on Napalm Death's album Scum, clocks in at just four seconds and sounds like a man being disembowelled by a cymbal. For some, it's the perfect distillation of heavy metal, a single, clean shot of anger, speed and volume that reminds us why the genre endures. Photograph: Barry Lewis
Metal comes in many varieties, from hair to death, thrash to nu, black to Christian, but all are riding high right now. Anvil! The Story Of Anvil is a cinema-release documentary about the Canadian band that has had rave reviews. The video game Guitar Hero III: Legends Of Rock has hit $1bn in sales, the first single game to do so. Photograph: Barry Lewis
Meanwhile, old hands such as AC/DC have recently come back with top-selling albums (5m copies of Black Ice were sold in two weeks, taking it to number one in 29 countries), and Kiss, Iron Maiden, Metallica and Def Leppard are all following suit. Metal is having a recession-defying moment. Photograph: Barry Lewis
Birmingham metalheads trace the genre back to the city's factories, where members of Black Sabbath worked, and the Mermaid Pub, which hosted gigs by local acts such as Bolt Thrower. In the late 80s, the scene changed. "A lot of metalheads didn't like the politics that came in," says Johnny Doom, 39, a DJ and former member of Doom. "Napalm Death were talking about anarchism, but some metalheads wanted to stick to the gore and monsters. Suddenly metal wasn't just escapist." Photograph: Barry Lewis
For Niall Scott, author of God Hates Us All: Kant, Radical Evil And The Monstrous Human In Heavy Metal, the genre is rife with contradictions. "Bands seek out the last taboos, so there's a fascination with the iconography of fascism. But there are also bands like System Of A Down who are violently opposed to it." It's very male, Scott says, very white, but there's a big scene in Latin America, too. Metal has strong female figures such as Doro Pesch, ex-singer of Warlock, but open many album inserts and there is misogynist imagery on display. "The Cradle Of Filth artwork is degrading to women," he says, "but the music is fantastic. How do you live with that?" Photograph: Barry Lewis