Taiwan has since shrugged off political connections with China as part of its transition to full democracy. However, it has retained Republic of China as its official name, along with the constitution, flag and state institutions brought from China.
Despite the political divide, China continues to claim Taiwan as its own territory and has required foreign countries and multinational companies to refer to the island as a part of China.
Asked about the passport change at a daily briefing, Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying said "the fact that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China will never change" regardless of what "tricks" are played by the governing pro-independence Democratic Progressive Party.
Beijing also responded angrily when "Taiwan" was added to the cover of the Taiwanese passport more than a decade ago and has increasingly lashed out at assertions of the island's political independence.
China does not recognize Taiwanese passports and requires citizens of the island travelling to the mainland to use a Chinese-issued document. This China-issued Taiwanese book is a distinctive pink colour - to avoid confusion with the main red document or blue passports for Hong Kong, Macau and other SARs.
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The change in passport design, to take effect in January, aims to prevent confusion between travellers from Taiwan and those from China, Taiwanese Foreign Minister Joseph Wu told reporters.
He said the ministry has informed the International Air Transport Association, foreign governments, airports, airlines and immigration authorities about the change and provided them with samples of the new design.
The passport redesign was mandated in a resolution passed by the legislature in July, which also called for a change in the logo of Taiwan's government-owned China Airlines, sometimes confused with Chinese flag carrier Air China.
- AP with additional reporting
