Patrice-Edouard Ngaissona, a former African soccer executive whom prosecutors say was a senior leader of the so-called anti-Balaka militias in 2013 and 2014, and Alfred Yekatom, also known as "Rambo", pleaded not guilty to charges relating to attacks on Muslim civilians.
53-year-old Ngaissona addressed the court, saying "I do not recognise myself at all in the charges against me, I am not guilty."
The one-time sports minister has been charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity, including murder, rape, persecution and torture.
Prosecutors say Ngaissona was an integral part of the anti-Balaka movement.
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"He knew the group he was helping to arm, finance, instruct and organise, known by September 2013 as the anti-Balaka, would inevitably target the Muslim civilian population of western CAR.
He knew the vengeance within them," prosecutor Kweku Vanderpuye told the court.
Yekatom, 46, faces similar charges to Ngaissona along with additional ones for his alleged use of child soldiers.
The Central African Republic has been mired in violence since a coalition of mostly northern and predominantly Muslim rebels known as "Seleka", or “alliance” in the Sango language, seized power in March, 2013. Their brutal rule gave rise to the opposing anti-Balaka Christian militias.
Prosecutors showed messages from Facebook pages and chat message groups set up by anti-Balaka groups talking about "sacrificing" Muslims and saying they will "disappear soon".
After initial criticism that its investigation into the CAR was one-sided, with only anti-Balaka leaders in the dock, the ICC in January announced it had detained alleged Seleka leader Mahamat Said Abdel Kain.
The trial begins against a backdrop of fighting between the CAR army, backed by United Nations, Russian and Rwandan troops, and rebels from both militia groups who have formed an alliance with the aim of seizing the capital and overturning a 27 December vote in which President Faustin-Archange Touadera was declared the winner.
