The most spectacular images of outer space this year have been shortlisted for the Astronomy Photographer of the Year award 2019.
From thousands of entries, the judges have selected the 38 best images of our galaxy and beyond.
Among the shortlisted pictures are those of a nebula appearing to spread its wings like a bird and another known as the Fiery Lobster nebula.
Winners of the competition will be announced on 12 September.
The Independent has compiled the shortlisted images in the gallery above.
