WASHINGTON _ For 30 years, North Carolina's Sen. Jesse Helms earned his nickname "Senator No" by blocking nominees, including African-Americans, from becoming federal judges.
And though Helms died a decade ago, his legacy lives on in a usually bitter battle over filling a long-vacant federal judgeship in Raleigh and eastern North Carolina.
There, more than one-fourth of the population is black, yet no African-American has ever been a federal judge.
President Barack Obama nominated two African-American women for the seat: Jennifer May-Parker, an assistant U.S. attorney in Raleigh, and Patricia Timmons-Goodson, a justice on the North Carolina Supreme Court. Both were blocked by North Carolina's Republican senators.
Last year, President Donald Trump nominated their preferred choice: Thomas Farr, a white Republican from Raleigh who had led the legal defense of the Republican-sponsored law that cut back early voting and imposed a stricter photo-ID rule at the polls.
The state law was struck down in 2016 by a federal appeals court that said its many provisions "targeted African-Americans with almost surgical precision."
On Thursday, Farr's nomination failed when the Senate's lone black Republican said he would not vote to confirm him.
Sen. Tim Scott, R-S.C., pointed to Farr's work as a young lawyer working for the Helms campaign in 1984 and 1990 when more than 120,000 postcards were mailed to black voters warning them that they might face criminal charges if, for example, they gave inaccurate information about where they had lived.
The Justice Department's civil rights division brought a voting-rights complaint against the Helms campaign in 1991 for what it called a "postcard mailing program designed to intimidate and threaten black voters," including with false claims about the law.
The report repeatedly mentioned Farr, although it noted that he was far more involved in the 1984 mailing than in 1990. Twice, Helms ran for re-election against Harvey Gantt, a popular black mayor of Charlotte, and his campaign highlighted racial issues.
That was enough to tip Scott from a tentative "yes" Wednesday to a "no" vote Thursday. Until then, it looked like Farr would fill the seat on a tie vote in Senate, with Vice President Mike Pence ready to cast the deciding vote.
"I am ready and willing to support strong candidates for our judicial vacancies that do not have lingering concerns about issues that could affect their decision-making process as a federal judge," Scott said in a statement.
He referred to the 1991 "Department of Justice memo written under President George H.W. Bush that shed new light on Mr. Farr's activities. This, in turn, created more concerns. Weighing these important factors, this afternoon I concluded that I could not support Mr. Farr's nomination."
Civil rights groups praised Scott and outgoing Sen. Jeff Flake, R-Ariz., for casting the key votes on the Republican side to block Farr.
"It would have been an enormous mistake to confirm Thomas Farr to the federal bench, a mistake that would have cast a shadow over both the Senate and the judiciary for decades to come. Farr was plainly unqualified for a lifetime judicial appointment, especially in the Eastern District of North Carolina, where he actively worked to suppress the vote and had ties to a white supremacist group," said Sherlyn Infill, president of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.
Veterans of North Carolina politics said the state is still fighting over Helms' legacy and his racially tinged politics.
"Farr was a close associate of Helms, and after he was gone, he continued the voter suppression efforts," said Rep. David Price, D-N.C., whose district includes Raleigh. "He is not a run-of-the-mill conservative. This was an egregious, in-your-face nomination."
Farr would have filled a district judgeship that has been vacant since a Reagan appointee stepped aside in late 2005. Farr had been nominated for the seat late in the term of President George W. Bush, but no action was taken on his nomination.
The move to block Farr in the Senate was a rare setback for Trump, however.
The Senate has confirmed 84 Trump nominees to the federal bench, including Supreme Court Justices Neil M. Gorsuch and Brett M. Kavanaugh.
In just two years, Trump has appointed 29 judges to the federal appellate courts. In comparison, Obama named 55 appellate judges in his eight years in the White House.
During Obama's final two years in office, Republicans controlled the Senate and confirmed only two of Obama's appellate-judge and 18 district-judge nominees, leaving a large block of vacant seats to be filled by Trump appointees.
