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Daily Mirror
Daily Mirror
Mark Waghorn & Tanveer Mann

Scientists discover 430-million-year old sea creature in English countryside

The fossilised remains of a mysterious creature that stalked the seas 430 million years ago have been dug up in Britain.

The "exceptionally preserved" remains were identified by UK and US palaeontologists as being a distant ancestor of the sea pig and other types of sea cucumber.

Because of how bizarre it looks, the creature has been named Sollasina cthulhu after horror writer HP Lovecraft's most famous beast - the inspiration behind the Alien movies.

Cthuhlu appeared in a series of stories by the US author - who likened it to a cross between an octopus, a dragon and a "human caricature".

Although the fossil is only just over an inch (3cm) wide, its many long tentacles would have made it appear quite monstrous to other small marine life.

The remains were identified by palaeontologists as being a distant ancestor of the sea pig and other types of sea cucumber (Imran Rahman/Oxford Uni/SWNS)

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It is thought to have used these limbs, or 'tube feet', to capture food and crawl over the seafloor.

The creature was found in volcanic ash deposits that had built up in what is now Herefordshire at a time when most of Europe 's land mass was submerged.

Lead author Dr Imran Rahman, deputy head of research at Oxford University Museum of Natural History, said: "Sollasina belongs to an extinct group called the ophiocistioids, and this new material provides the first information on the group's internal structures.

"This includes an inner ring-like form that has never been described in the group before.

"We interpret this as the first evidence of the soft parts of the water vascular system in ophiocistioids."

Described in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, it sheds light on the early evolution of sea cucumbers - the group that includes the sea pig and its relatives.

Sea cucumbers do not have eyes, but many are light sensitive. They live in shallow waters and tend to hide out during daylight hours, coming out at night to feed. They will quickly retract their tentacles when approached.

Cthulhu also inspired the 20th Century Fox Alien films (20 Century Fox)

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Like other fossils from Herefordshire, Sollasina cthulhu was studied using a method that involved grinding it away, layer-by-layer, with a photograph taken at each stage.

This produced hundreds of slice images, which were digitally reconstructed as a 'virtual fossil'.

This detail allowed the team to visualise an internal ring, which they interpreted as part of the water vascular system.

These fluid-filled canals are used for feeding and movement in living sea cucumbers and their relatives.

The fossil was incorporated into a computerised analysis of the evolutionary relationships of fossil sea cucumbers and sea urchins.

The results showed Sollasina and its relatives are most closely related to sea cucumbers - rather than sea urchins.

Co-author Dr Jeffrey Thompson, of University College London (UCL), said: "We carried out a number of analyses to work out whether Sollasina was more closely related to sea cucumbers or sea urchins.

"To our surprise, the results suggest it was an ancient sea cucumber. This helps us understand the changes that occurred during the early evolution of the group, which ultimately gave rise to the slug-like forms we see today."

Sea cucumbers belong to the group of animals called echinoderms. Their closest relatives are starfish and sea urchins.

There are over 1,250 species of sea cucumbers that can be found in oceans throughout the world.

The fossil slices and 3D reconstruction are housed at Oxford University Museum of Natural History.

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