Russia's nuclear arsenal is one of the largest in the world, consisting of approximately 6,375 nuclear warheads, according to the Federation of American Scientists. This arsenal includes a variety of delivery systems, such as intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and strategic bombers.
The control of Russia's nuclear arsenal is centralized under the authority of the President of Russia. The President has the sole authority to authorize the use of nuclear weapons, although there are specific protocols and procedures in place for the delegation of this authority in case the President is incapacitated.
Russia's nuclear doctrine, known as 'escalate to de-escalate,' suggests that Russia may use nuclear weapons in a limited capacity to deter or respond to a conventional military threat. This doctrine is aimed at preventing a large-scale conflict by demonstrating Russia's willingness to use nuclear weapons if necessary.
Russia's nuclear arsenal is managed by the Strategic Rocket Forces, the Russian Navy, and the Russian Aerospace Forces. These branches of the Russian military are responsible for the maintenance, deployment, and operation of the various components of the nuclear arsenal.
In recent years, Russia has been modernizing its nuclear arsenal, developing new types of nuclear weapons and delivery systems. This modernization effort is part of Russia's broader military modernization program aimed at maintaining its strategic deterrent capabilities.
The size and capabilities of Russia's nuclear arsenal make it a significant factor in global security and stability. The ongoing tensions between Russia and Ukraine have raised concerns about the potential use of nuclear weapons in the region, highlighting the importance of transparency and communication between nuclear-armed states to prevent miscalculations and misunderstandings.
