The ICRC - which is famously neutral - rarely makes such statements publicly, instead preferring to raise the issues with governments confidentially.
Today, however, the committee spoke out against the practice of making thousands of detainees serve as porters for the armed forces, saying it exposed them to the dangers of combat and other risks.
The private humanitarian institution, which was founded in Geneva in 1863, also cited repeated abuses by the military against men, women and children living along the Thai-Burma border and condemned the large-scale destruction of food supplies.
The ICRC is sometimes criticised for not being more openly condemnatory and revealing information it has about abuses, with its silence during the Holocaust often cited as the most extreme case.
More recently, it was criticised for failing to go public with knowledge of US abuses at the Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad.
Jakob Kellenberger, the ICRC president, told reporters that confidential dialogue was usually the best way to get access to people in need of protection and assistance, including detainees and civilians during war, but said the Burmese military junta refused to engage in serious talks.
"For almost two years we have tried confidential dialogue," he said. "Last August, I wrote to the head of the leadership [Senior General Than Shwe] and said I wanted to come to Myanmar, and I wanted to discuss with them our concerns. I didn't even get an answer."
Mr Kellenberger said that although the ICRC had repeatedly complained to the government about the abuses, " the authorities have failed to put a stop to them".
He said he found the practice of using between 2,000 and 3,000 detainees a year as porters to carry heavy loads for the military to be "particularly repulsive".
"In dangerous environments - for example, when there are minefields - they have to go ahead," he added. "They are a type of human minesweepers, which I find terrible.
"The actions of the authorities have also resulted in immense suffering for thousands of people in conflict-affected areas."
The military has severely restricted freedom of movement in combat areas along the Thai-Burma border, making it impossible for many villagers to work in their fields.
Troops have also committed "numerous acts of violence", including murder, against civilians in these areas, the ICRC said, adding that villagers had been "forced ... to directly support military operations or to leave their homes".
The UN and western countries have long accused the junta of human rights abuses, but today's comments were the first time the ICRC had been so direct.
In recent months, the agency has complained about government restrictions on its work, including forcing the closure of its offices in the field.
Mr Kellenberger said Burma's attempt to have observers on prisoner visits also meant the ICRC will be unable to have a repeat meeting with the Nobel laureate and pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who is currently under house arrest.
The ICRC last visited her in 2003, and she has spent more than 11 of the past 18 years in detention.
The US state department said yesterday that Eric John, a deputy assistant secretary of state, had met Burma's ministers of foreign affairs, culture and information to urge Ms Suu Kyi's release.
However, the US state department spokesman, Tom Casey, said there was no sign Burmese officials had "changed their basic opinions".
