The average worker is still £17 a week worse off than a decade ago, but salaries for bankers and others in the finance sector are up by £120 a week, a new study suggests.
Nurses and teachers are among workers hardest hit, with those employed in health and social work and education £36 a week worse off than in 2009, said the TUC.
The union organisation said it was a clear consequence of the Government's decision to "hold back" the pay of teachers, nurses and other public servants behind rising prices.
Wages are still worth less than before the financial crisis a decade ago, although a small number of industries have bucked that trend, said the TUC.
Average real pay in the financial sector has increased by 9.3% (£119 per week) since 2009 reaching a record average of £1,405, the research indicated.
Other sectors that have seen real wage growth include retail and hospitality, which the report said was likely to have been boosted by increases to the minimum wage.
TUC general secretary Frances O'Grady said: "It's not right that pay is racing ahead in the City when most working people are still worse off than a decade ago.
"The architects of the financial crisis are earning record amounts while teachers and nurses struggle to get by.
"Workers deserve a much fairer share of the wealth they create. That's why unions need new rights to access workplaces and negotiate industry-wide rates.
"Pay inequality helped drive the last financial crash. It can't be left unaddressed."
