Today's artificial limbs can look very natural, and now an innovative process makes prosthetic hands move more naturally as well.
In an innovative experiment, scientists have shown that the nerves in patients' arms can be trained to control the movements of prosthetic fingers and thumbs.
"This is the biggest advance in motor control for people with amputations in many years," said Paul Cederna, a professor of plastic surgery and biomedical engineering at the University of Michigan.
A challenge to powering prosthetics has been the minute signals put out by an amputee's nerves. Cederna's team boosted the signal by wrapping tiny bits of muscle around nerve endings, according to their study published in Science Translational Medicine.
As the nerves grow into the muscle, the person's thoughts can create a muscle twitch that produces a signal big enough to be picked up by tiny wires connected to a nearby computer, which tells the prosthetic hand to move.
"Our ultimate goal is to have prosthetic limbs that the person views as a part of their body," Cederna said.
In an example of how well the system works, a woman who was nervously tapping her own fingers prompted the prosthetic to tap right along with it, Cederna said. "It was just doing what the other hand was doing, like it was a part of her," he noted.
"This worked the very first time we tried it. There's no learning for the participants. All of the learning happens in our algorithms. That's different from other approaches."
The procedure also worked for another amputee in the study who had lost not only his hand, but also part of his arm.
"It's the coolest part of what they've shown," said Lee Fisher, an assistant professor in the University of Pittsburgh's department of physical medicine and rehabilitation and bioengineering.
Participants were able to pick up blocks with a pincer grasp, move their thumb in a continuous motion, lift spherical objects, and even play in a version of Rock, Paper, Scissors, according to the study.
The approach is an "exciting innovation," but no one can predict when it will be marketable, said David Putrino, co-director of the abilities research centre at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. "Currently it takes 17 years to get something (from the lab) out into clinical practice," he said.
(Reporting by Linda Carroll; Editing by Richard Chang)
