Pope Francis visited the island of Lesbos on Sunday, calling the neglect of migrants the "shipwreck of civilisation". He warned that the Mediterranean was becoming a grim cemetery without tombstones and that little has changed with regard to the issue of migration.
Speaking in Athens at the start of his tour of Greece on Saturday, Francis said that "today, and not only in Europe, we are witnessing a retreat from democracy," warning against populism's "easy answers".
He delivered a stinging rebuke to Europe which he said was "torn by nationalist egoism".
On Sunday, he spent some two hours at Lesbos' Mavrovouni camp where nearly 2,200 asylum seekers live.
"In Europe there are those who persist in treating the problem as a matter that does not concern them," the pope said.
He met dozens of child asylum seekers and relatives standing behind metal barriers and stopped to embrace a boy called Mustafa.
People later gathered in a tent to sing songs and psalms to the pontiff.
Tackle root causes
Pope Francis said the root causes "should be confronted -- not the poor people who pay the consequences and are even used for political propaganda".
The European Union has been locked in a dispute with Belarus over an influx of migrants travelling through the former Soviet state seeking to enter Poland, Lithuania and Latvia in recent months.
Britain and France have also traded barbs over the increasing number of migrants making the deadly Channel crossing to reach the UK in the wake of the 24 November mass drowning which claimed 27 lives.
However, Menal Albilal, a Syrian mother with a two-month-old baby whose asylum claim was rejected after two years on the island, said refugees "want more than words, we need help."
"The Greek government should think about us, we've been here for two years without work or education," said François Woumfo, from Cameroon.
Disaster of Moria camp
The temporary Mavrovouni tent camp was hurriedly erected after the sprawling camp of Moria, Europe's largest such site at the time, burned down last year.
Greek authorities blamed a group of young Afghans for the incident and security was substantially enhanced for the pontiff's Sunday visit.
The Mavrovouni camp currently holds 2,193 people and has a capacity of 8,000, a facility official said this week.
The pope's trip to Lesbos was shorter than his last as he will hold a mass for some 2,500 people at the Megaron Athens Concert Hall later in the day.
In Cyprus, where the pope visited before Greece this week, authorities said that 50 migrants will be relocated to Italy thanks to Francis.
He took 12 Syrian refugees with him during his last visit to Lesbos in 2016.
Restricted movement
Authorities insist asylum procedures and processing times are now faster.
With EU funds, Greece is building a series of "closed" facilities on Greek islands with barbed wire fencing, surveillance cameras, X-ray scanners and magnetic gates that are closed at night.
Three such camps have opened on the islands of Samos, Leros and Kos, with Lesbos and Chios to follow next year.
Once asylum seekers are recognised as refugees, they are no longer eligible to remain in the camps, a fate shared with migrants whose requests for protection are rejected and who face deportation.
Many of these refugees are unable to find accommodation or work, raising another point of criticism of the Greek state from charities and aid agencies.
The groups have also raised concerns about the new camps, arguing that people's movements should not be restricted as well as claiming Greek border officers have pushed back migrants.
Greece vehemently denies the claims, insisting its coastguard saves lives at sea.
The pope will return to Rome on Monday.
