A surge in chickenpox cases is currently seen in Kerala. In the last 75 days, a total of 6744 cases of the infection and nine deaths have been reported in the state, reports have said. Last year, more than 26,000 cases were identified in the state. Chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, is a highly contagious infectious disease characterized by an itchy rash of small, red blisters. Symptoms include fever, headache, and fatigue. It typically affects children, but can also occur in adults. Complications may arise, especially in vulnerable populations like pregnant women or those with weakened immune systems.
How does it spread?
Chickenpox spreads primarily through respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Additionally, it can spread by direct contact with the fluid from chickenpox blisters. The virus is highly contagious, and individuals are most infectious from a day or two before the rash appears until all the blisters have crusted over. It can also spread indirectly through contact with contaminated surfaces. The virus can enter the body through the eyes, nose, or mouth. Lack of immunity or vaccination increases the risk of contracting chickenpox, especially in crowded environments like schools or daycare centers.
What are the symptoms?
Chickenpox symptoms typically begin 10 to 21 days after exposure to the virus. Early signs include fever, headache, fatigue, and loss of appetite. A few days later, a rash appears, starting as small, red spots and progressing to fluid-filled blisters. These blisters itch intensely and can cover the entire body. Other symptoms may include sore throat, abdominal pain, and muscle aches. The rash usually lasts about 5 to 10 days and goes through stages of blistering, crusting, and scabbing. Complications such as bacterial infections of the skin, pneumonia, or encephalitis can occur, especially in adults or those with weakened immune systems.
Preventive tips
Preventive measures for chickenpox include vaccination, which provides effective immunity against the virus. Ensure routine vaccination according to the recommended schedule, typically starting at age 12-15 months with a booster dose at 4-6 years. Additionally, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, especially during their contagious period, can reduce the risk of transmission. Maintaining good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing with soap and water, and covering coughs and sneezes, can further prevent spread. If someone in the household has chickenpox, isolate them until all lesions have crusted over, and avoid sharing personal items to minimize transmission.
