Romania's new president, Nicușor Dan, has been officially sworn in, ushering in a tentative close to the worst political crisis to grip the European Union country in decades after the annulment of the previous election but several challenges lie ahead.
Dan, a 55-year-old mathematician and former mayor of Bucharest decisively won the 18 May runoff, beating his hard-right opponent George Simion, who later challenged the results in the Constitutional Court but was rejected last week.
At the inauguration ceremony in a joint session of Parliament, Dan signed the constitutional oath.
In a speech afterwards, he promised to tackle Romania's economic woes and to be a president "open to the voice of society."
"The Romanian state needs a fundamental change...and I invite you to continue to be involved with all the social force you have proven, to put positive pressure on the institutions of the Romanian state so that they can reform," he said.
"I assure you that I will be a president who listens to the voice of society and who is a partner to that society."
Election voided
The May election rerun was held months after the Constitutional Court voided the previous election in which the far-right outsider Călin Georgescu led the first round, following allegations of electoral violations and Russian interference, which Moscow denied.
The court's unprecedented decision last year plunged Romania, which is an EU and NATO member, into a period of unprecedented political turmoil.
The presidential role carries a five-year term and significant decision-making powers in national security and foreign policy.
In the presidential runoff, Dan ran independently on an "Honest Romania" ticket, reaffirming Western ties, continued support for Ukraine and fiscal reforms.
Addressing the economic challenges that lie ahead, Dan said that "put simply...the Romanian state is spending more than it can afford."
"It is in the national interest for Romania to send a message of stability to financial markets. It is in the national interest to send a signal of openness and predictability to the investment environment," he said.
Many observers viewed the election outcome as crucial to maintaining Romania's place within Western alliances, especially as the war continues in neighbouring Ukraine.
At the same time, the continent scrambles to arm itself as the United States' commitment to European partners has waned under US President Donald Trump.
As Dan begins his mandate, he faces the immediate challenge of nominating a prime minister who can garner the support necessary to form a government, a tall order in a country where a rejection of the political class led to the emergence of figures like Georgescu and Simion.
A string of crises
Dan will also have to contend with a string of other crises, such as a large budget deficit, deep societal divisions exposed by the chaotic election cycle and the war that drags on next door.
Cristian Andrei, a Bucharest-based political consultant, says that forming a new cabinet will be "a major test" that will indicate whether Dan is capable of mediating between the fragmented political parties.
"Dan will face fierce resistance from the state apparatus and old politicians in his pursuit to start reforms," he told The Associated Press. "Although the economic crisis is urgent, the political and societal divisions are those that the new president has to address in the longer term."
He added that, with populism growing in popularity, a deeper political crisis was "put on hold and a new one will be in the making" ahead of future elections.
"The success of his presidency will decide if we can avert such a crisis or not," he said.
A day after he won the presidency, Dan had a call with NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte, in which he conveyed to Rutte that Romania "will remain a steadfast ally" within the alliance.
Dan first rose to public prominence as a civil activist with his Save Bucharest Association, tasked with saving built heritage and fighting against illegal real estate projects in a system he described as a "real estate mafia."
He won hundreds of lawsuits. He also joined a wave of anti-corruption protests that gripped Romania through the mid-2010s.
In 2016, he founded the reformist Save Romania Union party, at the time largely viewed as an anti-corruption party, but later left.
In 2020, he successfully secured the mayorship of Bucharest and was elected last year for a second term.
As mayor, Dan tackled some key infrastructure projects, such as modernising Bucharest's ageing residential heating systems, which previous mayors have been accused of neglecting.
