CAIRO _ Iraqi security forces launched the second phase of their offensive against the Islamic State in the key city of Mosul on Thursday, advancing into the city with U.S. forces embedded closer to the front line than in the past.
While Iraqi counterterrorism and army units pushed forward from the north and east toward the Tigris River that divides the city, several thousand federal police advanced to the southeast, commanders said.
"The prime minister gave us orders to reach the river in a short time. Now the second step, this morning, begins," said Maj. Gen. Najim Jabouri, Iraqi army commander of the offensive, reached by phone where he was overseeing troops in a northern Mosul neighborhood.
Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi had hoped to retake Mosul by year's end, but said this week he expected the offensive to take another three months.
Jabouri said troops started their latest attack at 7 a.m. with strong air support from U.S. forces, hoping to reach the river in a few days and to capture the city sooner than the prime minister expected.
To the north, units of the 16th Division of the Iraqi Army cleared neighborhoods and took new ground. To the east, counterterrorism troops pushed into the city along two fronts. To the south, Iraqi federal police also began clearing Mosul neighborhoods.
"The Iraqi multi-axis advance opens two new fronts within the city and increases pressure on (the Islamic State's) dwindling ability to generate forces, move fighters or resupply," the U.S.-led coalition said in a statement Thursday.
The Islamic State seized the northern city, Iraq's second-largest, two years ago, and it became central to the survival of the group's self-proclaimed caliphate spanning Iraq and Syria.
The offensive to recapture Mosul began Oct. 17 as a joint effort by 100,000 Iraqi troops, Kurdish security forces and Shiite militias _ all backed by the U.S.-led coalition _ the country's largest military operation since the U.S.-led invasion in 2003.
Earlier this week, the U.S.-led coalition laid the groundwork for the advance by bombing and disabling the last of five bridges spanning the Tigris. According to a coalition statement, "The strikes were conducted to reduce enemy freedom of movement, and to further disrupt (the Islamic State's) ability to reinforce, resupply, or use vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices in East Mosul."
Since the start of the Mosul operation, the coalition has dropped more than 7,650 munitions in support of Iraqi forces.
Jabouri said the Islamic State has weakened in recent weeks. "They lose many casualties, they lose the ability to fight, their morale is down."
"The coalition forces, American forces, they did a good job. They destroyed eight (suicide car bombs) just here in the north route and they destroyed three mortar crews and killed more than 40" Islamic State fighters on Thursday, Jabouri said.
Yahia Rassol, an Iraqi military spokesman, noted the role the Tigris will play in the offensive against the Islamic State.
"The enemy is currently isolated inside the left bank of Mosul," Rassol said on state television Thursday, referring to the west bank of the Tigris. "In the coming days, Iraqi forces will liberate the entire left bank of Mosul, and after that we will tackle the right."
The advance into the city that began in October has been led by Iraqi counterterrorism forces known as the Golden Division, which captured half the east side, then paused in recent weeks for what officials called an "operational refit" after suffering heavy casualties.
As part of the refit, Iraqi federal police and Interior Ministry rapid response units were sent in as reinforcements. Lt. Gen. Abdul-Wahab Saadi, commander of counterterrorism forces in eastern Mosul, said they appreciated the help from federal police who "have experience with urban warfare."
U.S. military advisers have embedded closer to Iraqi forces in Mosul than previously. Jabouri said he was working with an American adviser near the front line Thursday.
"He helps me. He also watches the area. That's very useful," Jabouri said.
So far, about 114,000 of Mosul's 1.2 million residents have fled the city, and fighting around those who have stayed has been a challenge for Iraqi troops, Jabouri said. U.S. technology _ including precision rockets and airstrikes _ has helped Iraqi forces target militants without harming civilians, he said.
"We depend on them in this battle," Jabouri said of U.S. air forces. "In the city we cannot use our heavy weapons, it is very difficult. We need very high technology to fight (Islamic State) and not bother the people."
U.S. Army Col. Brett G. Sylvia said the coalition is "deepening its integration and now pushing that into more of the Iraqi formations," including federal police, providing advisors to the brigade level, as they have with the Iraqi army.
Greater integration with Iraqi forces puts U.S. troops _ most of whom stay on or near their bases here _ closer to the action than they have been since President Barack Obama withdrew U.S. forces from Iraq in 2011. Four U.S. servicemen have been killed in northern Iraq since U.S. troops returned in 2014, mostly special forces deployed near the front line.
Navy Chief Petty Officer Jason Finan, 34, of Anaheim, was attached to an elite SEAL team advising Iraqi counterterrorism forces north of Mosul when his vehicle hit an improvised explosive device and he was killed Oct. 20.
Navy SEAL Charles Keating IV was killed in a raid alongside Iraqi troops in May.
Marine Staff Sgt. Louis Cardin was killed by a rocket attack March 19 while he was stationed at an artillery outpost south of Mosul.
Army Master Sgt. Joshua Wheeler, a special forces commander, was killed during a raid on an Islamic State prison with Kurdish forces outside the northern city of Hawija in October 2015.
A coalition spokesman emphasized that troops embedding with Iraqi forces remained behind the front line.
"As has always been the policy, these advisers are not directly involved in combat but are prepared to defend themselves if necessary," said Army Col. Joe Scrocca, a coalition spokesman, adding that putting more coalition troops in the field will "improve synchronization of partner force units."
"Daesh has proven vulnerable to decisive maneuver and simultaneous attacks along two or more axes," he said, using the Arabic acronym for Islamic State. He added that Islamic State forces "are being bombarded daily by coalition air and artillery strikes, and they have no ability to reinforce or resupply."
