Prosecutors in Myanmar have formally charged two Reuters reporters who were covering the country's Rohingya crisis with violating the Official Secrets Act.
Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo were arrested after police accused them of violating the colonial-era law by acquiring "important secret papers" from two policemen.
The act dates back to 1923, when Myanmar, then known as Burma, was a province of British India.
The Reuters journalists had been invited to meet police officers who worked in Rakhine state, where a harsh military crackdown is blamed for human rights abuses against the Rohingya, which sparked an exodus of 650,000 people to Bangladesh, according to UN estimates.
Dozens of journalists, wearing black as a sign of protest against the arrest, waited outside the court. Several of their T-shirts said "journalism is not a crime" or "release the arrested journalists now."
Reuters' editor-in-chief, Stephen J Adler, said in a statement it was a "wholly unwarranted, blatant attack on press freedom."
"Our colleagues should be allowed to return to their jobs reporting on events in Myanmar."
Speaking from the back of a police truck after the brief hearing, Wa Lone said: "This is unacceptable."
"I want to tell you that they are charging us like this to stop us finding the truth. Their actions are wrong and unfair."
The two journalists face up to 14 years in prison if convicted, according to their lawyer, Than Zaw Aung.
He appealed for the pair to be immediately released on bail, but the judge said he would review the request and rule at the next hearing on 23 January.
The Ministry of Information had previously cited police saying they were "arrested for possessing important and secret government documents related to Rakhine State and security forces". The ministry said they "illegally acquired information with the intention to share it with foreign media".
Human rights and media groups have criticised Myanmar's leader Aung San Suu Kyi, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, for continuing to use colonial-era laws to threaten and imprison journalists.
The events have caused an international outcry, with government officials from the United States, Britain and Canada, as well as top United Nations officials, calling for the journalists' release.
After they were detained, the UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, said the arrests showed how press freedom was deteriorating in Myanmar, while Rex Tillerson, the US Secretary of State, called for their immediate release.
"A free press is critical to a free society — the detention of journalists anywhere is unacceptable," Bill Clinton, the former President of the United States, tweeted. "The Reuters journalists being held in Myanmar should be released immediately."
Phil Robertson, a spokesman for Human Rights Watch, said "if Aung San Suu Kyi and her government really cared about democratic reforms and governance, they could use their parliamentary majority to quickly reform this antiquated colonial law and bring it into compliance with international human rights standards."
Shawn Crispin, senior Southeast Asia representative for the Committee to Protect Journalists, said: "These criminal charges represent a giant step backward for press freedom in Myanmar.
"The jailing of journalists shows that Aung San Suu Kyi's government, despite its democratic mandate, is following in the repressive footsteps of her military government predecessors. And by targeting a high-profile news organisation like Reuters, it shows no journalist is safe to report on sensitive stories in Myanmar."
Additional reporting by agencies
