MPs have voted in favour of proscribing Palestine Action.
The order, which was debated on Wednesday afternoon, passed by 385 votes to 26.
Set out in Parliament on Monday by Home Secretary Yvette Cooper, it will need to be approved by the Lords before it can officially come into effect.
The proscription order does not relate solely to Palestine Action, but includes three other groups: the "Maniacs Murder Cult", a Moldovan neo-Nazi group, the Russian Imperial Movement – a far-right group aiming to rebuild the Russian Empire – and its paramilitary wing the Russian Imperial Legion.
Although the order has passed its first hurdle, it still needs the approval of the House of Lords, which is set to debate it on Thursday afternoon.
If passed, it will mean that membership or support for the group will be illegal and will be punishable by up to 14 years in prison.
The order could be blocked by legal action which is being undertaken by Palestine Action, with an urgent hearing to apply for "interim relief" to stop the proscription ban taking place in the High Court on Friday morning.
The SNP abstained on the vote, while nine Labour MPs opposed it, along with six Independent, six LibDem, four Green and one Social Democratic & Labour.
Amnesty International UK’s chief executive, Sacha Deshmukh, condemned the vote as an "unprecedented legal overreach," adding that the UK has a "deeply flawed and overly broad definition" of terrorism, which human rights monitors have been warning about for years.
In a statement, Deshmukh said: “Terrorism legislation hands the authorities massive powers to arrest and detain people, suppress speech and reporting, conduct surveillance and take other measures that would never be permitted in other circumstances. Using them against a direct-action protest group is an egregious abuse of what they were created for.
“Whatever MPs may think about whether Palestine Action’s tactics are appropriate or not, existing criminal laws, accompanied by human rights protections, were more than capable of responding to them. Instead of taking draconian measures to shut down direct action protesters and criminalise anyone who expresses support for their actions, the Government should be taking immediate and unequivocal action to put a stop to Israel’s genocide and end any risk of UK complicity in it.”
Speaking during the debate, the SNP's Pete Wishart raised concerns about the implications of the order on individuals who shared social media posts by Palestine Action or who had joined pro-Palestine protests.
He said: "It is inexplicable that Palestine Action has been linked to groups such as the Maniacs Murder Cult and the Russian Imperial Movement groups, unknown to this House until this order was on the order paper today."
He added that it was "at best a cynical and calculated move by the Government in order to ensure that this order gets through".
Wishart also said that clarity was needed "on what actions would result in people being charged under this terrorism legislation".
Other MPs to speak against the order included Independent MP and former Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, who had previously asked for Palestine Action to be considered separately from the three other groups listed.
He told members that the focus of MPs and the Government should be on Gaza instead of proscribing Palestine Action.
He said: "Surely, we should be looking at the issue that Palestine Action are concerned about and the supply of weapons to Israel from this country that has made this all possible?"
Fellow independent MP Imran Hussain described the move to proscribe Palestine Action as "Orwellian dystopia on steroids", adding that it set a dangerous precedent for journalists and artists.
Meanwhile, suspended Labour MP Zarah Sultana said: "If this proscription passes as it will, we have to understand that no campaign will be safe tomorrow.
"We also have to recognise that this will go down as a dark day in history and one that will be remembered.
"People will ask: 'Which side were you on?' And I stand with the millions of people who oppose genocide, because I am one of them.
"I oppose the blood-soaked hands of our Government trying to silence us.
"So I say this loudly and proudly on Wednesday July 2, 2025. We are all Palestine Action."
A protest against the proscription order took place outside Downing Street from 6pm on Wednesday, organised by the Palestine Solidarity Campaign.
It was originally set to take place outside Parliament, but was moved after the Met Police imposed a condition.
