Manet: the Inventor of Modernity – in pictures

Le Torero mort [the Dead Toreador], 1864-1865. 'The exhibition starts with a shock,' says Observer art critic Laura Cumming. 'A dead toreador laid flat upon the ground. From his gleaming shoes to his spreading pallor, Manet has summoned his presence so superbly, and so closely, it seems as if you could stroke that soft hair' Photograph: Widener Collection/National Gallery of Art, Washington

Olympia, 1863 Photograph: Patrice Schmidt/Musée d'Orsay (dist. RMN)

Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe, 1863. The nude contemplating the viewer is Manet's regular model Victorine Meurent. 'Victorine may hold a pose, but she is conscious of doing so; and at the same time free to inhabit her own inner world' Photograph: Patrice Schmidt/Musée d'Orsay

Amazone / l'été [Woman in a Riding Habit, Full Face], 1882 Photograph: Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid

Le fifre [the Piper], 1866. ‘Nothing quite prepares one for the jolt of seeing that lifesize figure arriving out of thin grey air,’ says Laura Cumming. Leon Leenhoff was the model for this famous portrait. Manet eventually married his mother and may even have been his father, although it has also been suggested that the real parent was Manet's father Photograph: Patrice Schmidt /Musée d'Orsay (dist. RMN)

Le Balcon [The Balcony], 1868-69. ‘Each appears separate, alone, lost in thought. Not so much sitters as people in a modern world’ Photograph: Patrice Schmidt/Musée d'Orsay (dist. RMN)

Femme en robe de soirée [Woman in Evening Dress], 1877-80 Photograph: Francois Guillot/AFP/Getty Images

Stéphane Mallarmé, 1876 Photograph: Patrice Schmidt/Musée d'Orsay (dist. RMN)

A visitor to the Musée d'Orsay show looks at Portrait de M et Mme Auguste Manet, 1860 and Portrait du Tintoret par lui-même, d'après le tableau du Louvre, 1854
Photograph: Benoît Tessier/Reuters