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The U.S. trade deficit widened in March, rising to $60.3 billion from a revised $57.8 billion in February. The $2.5 billion expansion marked the second straight monthly widening, and was driven by an $8.7 billion increase in imports, which outpaced a $6.2 billion rise in exports. The larger rise in imports relative to exports over the past two months will likely be a drag on Q1 GDP growth. Trade patterns remain volatile as businesses navigate tariffs and unexpected supply chain disruptions. Despite recent expansions, the year-to-date trade deficit for the first quarter of the year remains 55% smaller than in the same period in 2025.
Volatile Gold and Petroleum Shipments Shape Export Totals
The underlying details of the March report show that energy and nonmonetary gold continue to heavily influence export figures. U.S. exports of petroleum and petroleum products led the charge, rising by $6.9 billion during the month. Meanwhile, nonmonetary gold (gold not held as a reserve asset by monetary authorities) continued to create massive swings in net trade. Although March gold exports dipped by $768 million from the prior month, they remained high relative to historical norms following February’s massive $8.0 billion upswing. The Bureau of Economic Analysis excludes these volatile gold shifts when calculating core GDP figures because they frequently reflect speculative financial asset allocations rather than final demand for goods.
Automotives and AI Hardware Fuel Rebound in Goods Imports
The expansion in March imports was spearheaded by passenger vehicles and high-tech capital goods. Total imports of goods climbed by $10.6 billion, led by a $3.7 billion surge in the automotive sector. Within that sector, passenger car imports jumped by $2.8 billion. Capital-goods imports also provided a boost to inbound shipments, rising by $2.1 billion. The tech-heavy growth was driven by a $2.0 billion increase in computer accessories amid sustained business spending on specialized semiconductor hardware associated with artificial intelligence development and data center infrastructure.
Tariff Adjustments and Supply Chain Diversion Dictate Rates
The trade environment continues to adjust to shifting global policies and trade developments. In March, the U.S. effective tariff rate dropped to approximately 6.8%. The lower-than-expected rate can be attributed to several factors: a recent Supreme Court ruling striking down IEEPA tariffs; rapid trade diversion as firms reconfigure supply chains; and the fact that the total share of dutiable goods remained below 50% of overall U.S. imports.
The trade deficit is expected to experience a quick reversal and narrow slightly next month, as high-frequency data indicate that U.S. exports of crude oil and petroleum products surged even higher in April, while petroleum imports declined due to the impacts of the conflict in the Persian Gulf region.
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis
