King Harold's legendary 200-mile march across England to confront the invading William the Conqueror at the famous Battle of Hastings in 1066 is probably a "myth", recent research suggests. Rather than racing on foot, the Anglo-Saxon leader more likely relied on a coordinated naval strategy.
In arguably the most famous battle in English history, King Harold Godwinson was defeated by William the Conqueror, who became the first Franco-Norman king of England, at Hastings on 14 October, 1066.
The decisive clash, which marked the start of the Norman conquest of England, is depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry, set to be brought to London from France this year.
French President Emmanuel Macron agreed last year to loan the medieval tapestry to the British Museum to celebrate Franco-British relations.
Ahead of the tapestry's exhibition, starting in September 2026, new research from the University of East Anglia (UEA) revealed that the tale of Harold's famed march to the fight was a "misunderstanding".
The account of the march, as taught in British classrooms and museums, rests on what a UAE historian argues is a misinterpretation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle – a written record of medieval English history.
The Chronicle recounts that Harold's ships "came home". For at least 150 years, historians understood that to mean the king dismissed his fleet in September 1066.
That shaped the narrative that Harold and his troops were forced to march over 200 miles (320 kilometres) from Stamford Bridge in Yorkshire in the northeast to Hastings on the south coast to ward off the Norman invasion.
France to return iconic Bayeux Tapestry to Britain for first time in 900 years
An 'implausible' story
But Tom Licence, a professor of medieval history and literature at UEA, found the ships returned to their home base in London and remained operational, which suggests that they were likely used by Harold during his journey and to defend against the invasion.
"I checked the evidence for him having sent the fleet home and found that it was just a misunderstanding. I went looking in the sources for evidence of a forced march and found there wasn't any," said Licence, who will present the findings at the University of Oxford on Tuesday.
According to Licence, the story of Harold and his men traversing the vast distance in 10 days is "implausible".
The historian also pointed to other early accounts which describe Harold sending hundreds of ships to Hastings after William's landing, suggesting he still had a fleet at his disposal.
"Harold's campaign was not a desperate dash across England, it was a sophisticated land-sea operation. The idea of a heroic march is a Victorian invention that has shaped our understanding, or misunderstanding, of 1066 for far too long."
The 68-metre-long Bayeux Tapestry, on loan from France, will be on display at the British Museum for 10 months.
Critics say the move risks causing damage to the fragile, priceless tapestry and a petition posted online calling on Macron to stop a "true heritage crime" has garnered thousands of signatures.
But a French official overseeing the loan has insisted the artefact is not too fragile to transport.
(with AFP)
