Carpenters, bricklayers and restaurant workers are amongst those most likely to have faced pay cuts in the past year, figures show, while 40% of them are likely to have been furloughed, too.
The figures, released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), show the groups who have lost large amounts of their income due to the Covid pandemic, with IT engineers and air travel assistants also high up on the list.
These employees - despite being classed as key workers - have been unable to carry out their jobs from home.
Altogether, more than two-fifths 41% of jobs in the high-vulnerability group saw pay reductions in the last year.
Waiting staff saw a drop of 10% in median hourly pay from April 2019 to April 2020.
At the same time, 77% of them were also likely to have been furloughed.
Bricklayers and masons saw their pay fall 8%, with 64% estimated to have been furloughed.
Air travel assistants received 8% less money, with a third furloughed, while IT engineers suffered a pay cut of 7% with a quarter furloughed.
The ONS classed these occupations as "high-vulnerability jobs".
More than 30% of all employees in the UK fall into this category and are more likely to have seen a reduction in working hours or wages during the pandemic.
More than 50% of people who were furloughed last April worked in high-vulnerability jobs.
"Jobs most vulnerable to reduced hours or pay during the Covid-19 pandemic had lower average wages compared with other occupations," the ONS said.
"This may have affected the ability of employees in these jobs to manage financially during lockdown."
Occupations in this group made up 88% of jobs with a median hourly wage below £9.12 - just pennies above the minimum wage.
Sheet metal workers lost around 10% of their pay last year and half were furloughed.
Pest control officers lost 8% on average, with a third furloughed.
Carpenters and joiners lost 6% of their income with two thirds placed on the job retention scheme.
Overall, more than a third (36.7%) of employees in high-vulnerability jobs were furloughed in April 2020 - a month after the pandemic sent the UK into lockdown.
Elsewhere, more than a quarter of UK employees work in what the ONS classed as low-vulnerability jobs, meaning they are likely to be able to work from home or are considered key workers.
Most professional occupations, which include healthcare specialists, teachers and accountants, fell into the low-vulnerability category.
Just under a third of jobs in this group saw pay decreases in the past year, while only 8.1% were estimated to be furloughed in April.
