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Irish Mirror
Irish Mirror
National
Cormac O'Shea

Irish forecast today: What causes thunder and lightning? As 14 counties issued with Met Eireann yellow warning

14 counties currently have a status yellow weather warning with thunderstorms hitting Ireland.

The warm weather - hottest of day of the year so far - has brought on the "fast moving" thunder and lightning.

The entire south of the country as well as Galway has been tormented by the flashes and loud bangs but how exactly does thunder and lightning happen?

Here's Met Eireann's explanation as to how thunder and lightning forms;

What causes thunder and lightning?

 

Lightning

Met Eireann state on their website: "Lightning is a powerful sudden flow of electricity (an electrostatic discharge) accompanied by thunder that occurs during an electric storm. The discharge will travel between the electrically charged regions within a thundercloud, or between a cloud and a cloud, or between a cloud and the surface of a planet.

"The charged regions within the atmosphere temporarily equalise themselves through a lightning flash, commonly referred to as a strike if it hits an object on the ground."

Thunder

Met Eireann says: "Because the electrostatic discharge of terrestrial lightning superheats the air to plasma temperatures along the length of the discharge channel in a short duration, kinetic theory dictates gaseous molecules undergo a rapid increase in pressure and thus expand outward from the lightning creating a shock wave audible as thunder.

"Since the sound waves propagate not from a single point source but along the length of the lightning’s path, the sound origin’s varying distances from the observer can generate a rolling or rumbling effect.

"Light travels at about 300,000,000 m/s. Sound travels through air at about 340 m/s. A lightning flash preceding its thunder clap by five seconds would be about one mile (1.6 km) (5×340 m) distant. A lightning strike observed at a very close distance will be accompanied by a sudden clap of thunder and possibly accompanied by the smell of ozone (O3)."

Lightning strikes

The national forecaster says: "Objects struck by lightning experience heat and magnetic forces of great magnitude.

"The heat created by lightning currents travelling through a tree may vaporize its sap, causing a steam explosion that bursts the trunk. Even though roughly 90 percent of people struck by lightning survive, the injury may by severe. Buildings or tall structures hit by lightning may be damaged as the lightning seeks unintended paths to ground. The use of lightning conductors allows the safe conduction of a lightning strike to ground."

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