India loses contact with spacecraft on mission to the moon

Student walk past a screen during a live streaming of Chandrayaan-2 landing at an educational institute in Mumbai, India, September 7, 2019. REUTERS/Francis Mascarenhas

BENGALURU/MUMBAI (Reuters) - India lost contact with a spacecraft it was trying to land on the moon on Saturday, its space agency said, in a setback for the nation's ambitious plans to become the first country to probe the unexplored lunar south pole.

The lander of the Chandrayaan-2 moon mission was attempting a "soft," or controlled, landing near the south pole of the moon where scientists believe there could be water ice. Communication was lost just as it was about to touch down.

A student reacts as she watches a live stream of Chandrayaan-2 landing at an educational institute in Mumbai, India, September 7, 2019. REUTERS/Francis Mascarenhas

"Data is being analyzed," K Sivan, chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), told distraught scientists at the agency's tracking center in Bengaluru.

The Indian designed spacecraft, which had been orbiting the moon, began descending to the lunar surface at about 2007 GMT but scientists lost contact with it during the penultimate stage of the descent.

India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi interacts with the scientists of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) at its headquarters in Bengaluru, India, September 7, 2019. India's Press Information Bureau/Handout via REUTERS

For a graphic on the spacecraft's planned landing sequence, click https://graphics.reuters.com/SPACE-EXPLORATION-INDIA/0100B27P166/landing-sequence.jpg

A live broadcast from ISRO, India's equivalent of NASA, showed scientists grow tense and the floor fall silent as the control station struggled to get a signal from the lander.

India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi talks to Kailasavadivoo Sivan, chairperson of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) at their headquarters in Bengaluru, India, September 7, 2019. India's Press Information Bureau/Handout via REUTERS

"There are ups and downs in life ... What you have accomplished is no small achievement," Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who was present at the ISRO center, told scientists after being briefed by Sivan.

ISRO has not commented further, but Modi hinted in an address to the nation that the lander might have traveled at a higher-than-expected speed and crash landed on the moon.

"If historians some day write about today's incident, they will certainly say that inspired by our romantic description of the moon throughout life, Chandrayaan, in the last leg of the journey, rushed to embrace the moon," he said.

Devotees worship an idol of the Hindu god Ganesh, the deity of prosperity, as a model of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk III-M1, which carried Chandrayaan-2, is seen next to the it, inside a "pandal" or makeshift stage, on the fifth day of Ganesh Chaturthi festival in Ahmedabad, India, September 6, 2019.REUTERS/Amit Dave

"I can proudly say that the effort was worth it and so was the journey," Modi added.

In an emotional moment broadcast on TV channels, Modi embraced and consoled a visibly heart-broken Sivan.

"We are full of confidence that when it comes to our space program, the best is yet to come," Modi said.

A model of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk III-M1, which carried Chandrayaan-2, and a cut-out of India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi is seen next to an idol of the Hindu god Ganesh, the deity of prosperity, inside a "pandal" or makeshift stage, on the fifth day of Ganesh Chaturthi festival in Ahmedabad, India, September 6, 2019. REUTERS/Amit Dave

"15 MINUTES OF TERROR"

Sivan had earlier described the final moments of the landing mission as "15 minutes of terror," due to the complexities involved with lunar gravity, terrain and dust.

FILE PHOTO: Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) scientists work on various modules of lunar mission Chandrayaan-2 at ISRO Satellite Integration and Test Establishment (ISITE) in Bengaluru, India, June 12, 2019. Picture taken through a green glass window. REUTERS/Chris Thomas

For a graphic on India’s second lunar mission, click https://graphics.reuters.com/SPACE-EXPLORATION-INDIA/0100B07L0G6/INDIA.jpg

Only the United States, Russia and China have landed on the moon. Beijing's Chang'e-4 probe touched down on the far side this year, while Israel made an unsuccessful attempt to land its Beresheet spacecraft on the moon in April.

The south pole is believed to contain water as craters in the region are largely unaffected by the high temperatures of the sun. ISRO had hoped to confirm the presence of water in the form of ice, first detected on its mission in 2008.

Experts said the lander and rover were only a part of the moon mission and Chandrayaan-2's orbiter was still orbiting the moon and will collect and send back valuable data for one year.

Mukund Rao, chief executive of the Centre for Spatial Analytics and Advanced GIS, said there may have been gaps in planning the moon landing.

"They have to go back to the drawing board and try it once again," said Rao, a senior ISRO scientist for 24 years who later joined private and non-government space projects.

He said scientists need a deeper understanding of aspects such as braking and thrusting mechanisms, as well as the terrain of the moon. It was important to analyze the data and find out what happened, Rao said.

India has further ambitions in space.

Last year, Modi announced a 100 billion rupee project - named 'Gaganyaan' - that aims to send a three-member crew to low earth orbit by 2022.

For a graphic on potential landing sites of Chandrayaan-2, click https://graphics.reuters.com/SPACE-EXPLORATION-INDIA-MOON/0100B27Q168/landing.jpg

For a graphic on successful lunar soft-landing sites, click https://graphics.reuters.com/SPACE-EXPLORATION-INDIA-MOON/0100B27R16B/moonsites.jpg

(Reporting by Chris Thomas and Ismail Shakil in Bengaluru and Abhirup Roy in Mumbai; Editing by Michael Perry and Darren Schuettler)