India and Pakistan have agreed to an immediate ceasefire after days of military escalation, deadly cross-border attacks, accusations and counter accusations, had raised acute concerns that the two nuclear-armed neighbours would engage in an all-out war for the fifth time since 1947.
But violations of the truce were reported later on Saturday as explosions rang out across parts of Indian-administered Kashmir.
India’s Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri said in a briefing: “For the last few hours there have been repeated violations of the understanding arrived at earlier this evening between the director generals of military operations of India and Pakistan”
“This is a breach of an understanding arrived at earlier today … We call upon Pakistan to take appropriate steps to address these violations and deal with the situation”. he said. Misri added that India’s military has been given instructions to “deal strongly” with any violations.
However, Pakistan’s Information Minister Attaullah Tarar told Geo News there have been no violations of the agreement. The statement comes amid growing concerns over stability along the Line of Control (LoC).
Speaking to Al Jazeera, Sahar Khan, a security analyst based in Washington, says the reported truce violations underscore just how tenuous peace along the LoC is. She noted the most recent fighting broke a ceasefire agreement reached in 2021, the most substantial since 2003.
“This is still a very delicate and fragile ceasefire, but I think most people on the ground are relieved to see it,” Khan said. “The ceasefire agreement negotiated in 2021, which came into effect in 2023, was still really fragile. So I think while this is good news, I do expect to see some back and forth on this”, she added.
Earlier Saturday, military officials from both countries had spoken to each other and agreed that all fighting would stop at 17:00 Indian time (11:30 GMT) on Saturday, bringing a halt to all firing and operations by land, air, and sea. This followed heavy overnight exchanges Friday into Saturday.
Misri said earlier the two military chiefs would speak to each other again on May 12.
Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said later on Saturday he believes the long-running dispute over Kashmir and water-sharing with India will be resolved. “For the benefit of everybody, we have made this agreement of ceasefire and we have been very positive about it,” he said in a televised address.
Sharif accused India of killing civilians and targeting mosques with drone and missile attacks in recent weeks, calling claims against Pakistan “baseless”.
“If anyone challenges Pakistan’s independence,” Sharif warned, “we will do anything to defend it”, he added.
The ceasefire announcement had been met with relief and joyous scenes by residents in both countries and in the areas of disputed Kashmir that each administers.
But just hours after the ceasefire was announced, explosions were heard across the city of Srinagar in Indian-administered Kashmir, according to Omar Abdullah, chief minister of the federal territory. “What the hell just happened to the ceasefire? Explosions heard across Srinagar,” Abdullah posted on X.
Al Jazeera’s Osama Bin Javaid, reporting from Lahore, Pakistan, said, “People are welcoming the ceasefire, but we are also reminded how precarious it is; ceasefire violations are already happening across the Line of Control in the disputed Kashmir region.”
“We’ve been hearing from local sources that there has been an exchange of fire in multiple locations in the Kashmir region, and there are some projectiles that have entered the Pakistani airspace, as well”, he said.
“We’re also hearing the loud explosions in Srinagar, similar to what was heard early Saturday and in the afternoon. Air sirens are all across, and there’s a power shutdown,” journalist Umar Mehraj told Al Jazeera from Srinagar.
“I can see projectiles flying, projectiles in the sky. It’s very unclear if they are missiles or air defence intercepting these attacks. Similar reports of the explosions are being heard in Baramulla and Jammu,” said Mehraj.
Electricity was cut off across multiple localities, adding to the confusion. With no official clarification on the nature of the blasts, some residents described feeling “abandoned and unprepared”.
“One of the blasts was so powerful it made the walls tremble. Authorities are not clarifying what is going on; we do not have any shelters, nor did we hear any sirens. We do not know what to do. There is only fear,” one Srinagar resident told Al Jazeera.
Internationally mediated
The ceasefire appears to have been mediated by international actors, but there are conflicting reports as to which countries played a crucial role.
US President Donald Trump claims it was the US – he was first to declare it on Truth Social post: “After a long night of talks mediated by the United States, I am pleased to announce that India and Pakistan have agreed to a FULL AND IMMEDIATE CEASEFIRE”.
“Congratulations to both Countries on using Common Sense and Great Intelligence,” he wrote.
Al Jazeera’s Mike Hanna, reporting from Washington, DC, noted, “There are questions about why the US did announce first. What sort of leverage does it have over India and Pakistan? We do know that it was a multilateral attempt to get a ceasefire. We do know, as well, that the United Kingdom has just signed a major trade deal with India, so it would also have great sway in this. Still, the US appears to be taking it further.”
However, Dar told broadcaster Geo News that Pakistan and India had agreed to a “full-fledged” and “not partial” ceasefire, adding that three dozen countries were involved in the diplomacy that secured it.
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said the agreement also includes plans for broader talks at a neutral venue, which conflicts with a statement published on social media by India’s Ministry of Information and Broadcasting that says, “There is no decision to hold talks on any other issue at any other place.”
Broader Issues
Amid the cessation of hostilities, India and Pakistan have also agreed to a broader dialogue on various issues.
Two government sources told the news agency Reuters that all measures taken by India against Pakistan after April 22, including on trade and visas, remain in place.
Al Jazeera’s Osama Bin Javaid, reporting from Lahore, Pakistan, said that for the Pakistani side, the water issue is crucial “because India has suspended its related treaty with Pakistan, which affects the livelihood and agriculture in this country”.
Four government sources told Reuters that the Indus Waters Treaty, signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan, remains suspended.
The treaty regulates the sharing of water from the Indus River and its tributaries between the South Asian nations. India pulled out of it last month. It is crucial to agriculture in both nations.
“There are real fundamental political issues that need to be addressed so we don’t find ourselves again in a militarised crisis,” Elizabeth Threlkeld, director of the South Asia programme at the Stimson Centre, told Al Jazeera.
“The timing is significant since there is significant water flow between India and Pakistan because of the season at the moment. But in a few months’ time, that will start to dry up,” she said.
India does not necessarily have the infrastructure to meaningfully divert water right now, but it will gain that capacity when there’s less flow. So, that will have to be on the agenda of the talks if the two sides are to come together,” she added.
‘God has been kind to us for now’
Following the announcement of a ceasefire, residents on both sides of the Line of Control in Kashmir expressed a sense of relief, with many praying for a lasting solution to the Kashmir conflict.
“I was extremely anxious about what was happening,” 25-year-old Rumaisa Jan, a resident of Srinagar in Indian-administered Kashmir who has her wedding scheduled next week, told Al Jazeera. “This is the wisest decision taken after so many lives have been lost. We want peace and an end to all these hostilities.”
Firdous Ahmad Sheikh, who runs a travel agency in the city, said he was frustrated by Kashmir being turned into a “battleground” by the two countries.
“My only fear is that things could escalate again in future. These countries must sit together and find a political solution to Kashmir once and for all. I pray our children don’t have to witness such times again.
“God has been kind to us for now.”
In Muzaffarabad, capital of Pakistan-administered Kashmir, residents welcomed the ceasefire, saying they hope it will bring long-awaited relief to a region that has borne the brunt of recurring conflict.
“For us, peace means survival,” said Zulfikar Ali, a resident. “We’ve suffered enough. I’m glad that both Pakistan and India have made a sensible decision.”
