Improving sanitation in Mozambique – in pictures

Improving sanitation is a key element of millennium development goal seven, but efforts are way off-track. In its MDG progress report for 2010, the UN said half the population of developing countries still lacked basic sanitation and the 2015 target appeared out of reach. One way of addressing the problem has been through community-led total sanitation (CLTS) programmes. However, the methods used to implement these projects have proved to be controversial. CLTS programmes are being run in villages in Mozambique's Tete province. The programme involves villagers showing where they have been defecating in the area surrounding their village Photograph: Graeme Williams/UNICEF

As part of the programme, residents of Chibwe village are shown how many times defecation takes place within the village Photograph: Graeme Williams/UNICEF

Men draw a map of the village during the CLTS programme. This is often done in CLTS programmes to show where people have been defecating and the health implications of it being close to where they live Photograph: Graeme Williams/UNICEF

Individuals position themselves on the map of the village to show where they live Photograph: Graeme Williams/UNICEF

Food and faeces are placed close together in Chibwe village to illustrate the risk of faecally related infections Photograph: Graeme Williams/UNICEF

Children attend a CLTS meeting Photograph: Graeme Williams/UNICEF

Women attend a CLTS meeting in the village Photograph: Graeme Williams/UNICEF

An action plan is drawn up by the water and sanitation committee to address sanitation issues in the village Photograph: Graeme Williams/UNICEF

Nhaussua, another villager in Tete province, is now open-defecation free because latrines have been built for each home. Nestra Batinho stands with her children in front of her newly constructed latrine Photograph: Graeme Williams/UNICEF

Community leader Alberto Saguate and his children with their latrine in Nhaussua village Photograph: Graeme Williams/UNICEF

Community leaders attend a sanitation award ceremony in Changara, another village in Tete province Photograph: Graeme Williams/UNICEF

Community leaders are given bicycles in recognition of their efforts to improve the sanitary conditions in their communities Photograph: Graeme Williams/UNICEF

The minister of public works and housing, Cadmiel Muthemba, visits the sanitation exhibits in Changara during the sanitation award ceremony
Photograph: Graeme Williams/Unicef