Lung cancer is a significant health concern in India, affecting both men and women, though the prevalence and risk factors differ between the genders. According to data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2020, lung cancer ranks among the top cancers in India.
Prevalence in men
Lung cancer is more prevalent among men in India. It is the second most common cancer among Indian men, following oral cancer. The higher prevalence in men is largely attributed to higher rates of tobacco use, including smoking cigarettes, bidis, and other forms of tobacco consumption. Occupational exposure to carcinogens such as asbestos, radon, and diesel exhaust also contributes significantly to lung cancer cases among men.
Prevalence in women
While historically less common in women, lung cancer rates among Indian women are on the rise. It ranks as the fourth most common cancer in women. The increase is linked to factors such as passive smoking, increasing rates of tobacco use among women, indoor air pollution from cooking with biomass fuels, and outdoor air pollution. Women are often exposed to secondhand smoke and environmental pollutants, contributing to their lung cancer risk.
Regional variations
The prevalence of lung cancer in India shows significant regional variations, influenced by factors like cultural habits, industrialization, and air quality. Urban areas tend to have higher incidences due to pollution and lifestyle factors, whereas rural areas see cases related to indoor pollution and tobacco use.
Risk factors
Tobacco use: The primary risk factor for lung cancer, accounting for a significant proportion of cases.Air pollution: Both outdoor and indoor air pollution are major contributors.Occupational hazards: Exposure to harmful substances in certain industries.Genetics: Family history and genetic predispositions also play a role.
(Author: Dr Ravi Shekhar Jha, Director and HOD, Pulmonology, Fortis Escorts Hospital, Faridabad)
