Haiti's embattled president broke a weekslong silence Tuesday, telling his protesting nation that while he hears their cries in the streets, he has no intentions of stepping down.
"It would be irresponsible on my part for me to stand here today, to sign and submit a letter of resignation and say 'I am leaving' and leave the country like this and the system regenerates itself," President Jovenel Moise said during an impromptu news conference on the grounds of the National Palace.
Casting himself as the victim of Haiti's constitution and "a system" that encourages underdevelopment and misery, Moise evoked the language of his critics over Haiti's outgrown system in hopes of quelling tensions as Haiti faced a fifth week of paralysis.
Moise also blamed the constitution and Parliament for his inability to improve Haitians' lives.
"Parliament spent eight months refusing to give us a government," said Moise, who came to office 32 months ago.
Those calling for Moise's resignation have called for a different kind of system to govern the country, arguing that the current one, created after the fall of the 1986 Duvalier family dictatorship, only benefits a few. With 60% of the population earning less than $2 a day, and 20% of the population controlling 60% of the wealth, Haiti, with 11 million people, is one of the hemisphere's most unequal countries.
The reaction to Moise's rare public appearance, which came on the same day that the United Nations ended its peacekeeping presence after 15 years, was swift. Fearing more of the widespread protests, burning tires and barricades that have paralyzed Haiti since last month, many Haitians in Port-au-Prince rushed home to get off the streets.
"He showed he's a president who lacks competence," said Lemete Zephyr, a professor and spokesman for a group of activists, university professors and chambers of commerce working on a transition plan.
Zephyr said Moise may have sped up his own departure with his antagonizing speech.
"He attacked his base. He attacked the people who put him in power and he showed the population he wasn't doing anything. This is why they made him president, to resolve their problems," Zephyr said. "He hasn't shown any effort to change the system that he said is no good."
Moise opened his address by insinuating that he was a victim of powerful interests in Haiti, interests that support a system that provides double-digit interest rates to the poor from the government-run pension fund, while low rates to the rich and powerful. A system, he said, that has guardians and heirs.
"The system has victims too. You the people who are listening to me, watching me, you are victims of the system also," he said.
To illustrate his point, he spoke of several contracts he said his administration had canceled. The president did not name names, and was selective in the details. But at least two of the contracts he singled out were awarded under former President Michel Martelly, who handpicked Moise to succeed him.
One of the contracts involved a $43 million payment that Moise said the interim government of President Jocelerme Privert issued to rebuild the Toussaint Louverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince. He failed to mention, however, that the contract was entered into by the Martelly government over the objections of the international community due to the high interest payments. Martelly's administration also approved a 10-year border contract with an Israeli firm for $22 million a year.
"If I were to list the quantity of contracts, advantages the system used to give that we ... have decided to cancel, it would take me a day," Moise said.
Moise acknowledged that things are not easy in Haiti today. The United Nations ended its 15-year peacekeeping presence Tuesday, and a group of university students entered their third day of a hunger strike at the State University of Haiti in Port-au-Prince to demand Moise's resignation. Schools and businesses have remained shuttered, and at least 30 people died in the violence since last month, said the U.N.
"You didn't vote me to come fight with anyone. You voted me so that I could come fight against a system," he said. "It would be difficult for anyone who became president today to confront this system because it has the capacity to regenerate itself."
While he addressed the Haitian population and took questions from reporters, the U.N. Security Council met in New York, where diplomats reflected on their mixed Haiti peacekeeping record, the current turmoil and continued calls for dialogue among Haitians.
"Haiti certainly gives us a lot to reflect upon," Jean-Pierre Lacroix, the U.N.'s under secretary-general for peace operations told the Security Council. "The country is facing a significant political crisis, intertwined with socioeconomic challenges. These, in turn, affect the security environment, which further feeds political instability _ a cycle that the country has seen one too many times."
Lacroix then provided a litany of the current political turbulence including the opposition's position that Moise's Sept. 25 call for a national dialogue and the formation of a unity government was "too little, too late."
"Opposition groups are putting forward the acceptance by the president of the principle of his departure as a precondition for dialogue, thereby leaving little room for negotiation of a unity government," Lacroix said. "Mistrust is making compromise difficult, and yet the formation of such a government may well provide a way forward to lasting political solutions that are desperately needed."
That remained a distant possibility Tuesday even as Moise called for the opposition to come to the negotiating table, saying Haiti needs "serenity and calm." He had read all of the proposals for his departure, he said, but noted that previous departures by a sitting president in 1986 and 2004 had not gotten the country anywhere.
He believed the country was "worse off," after the 2004 forced departure of democratically elected President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. "We all have to work together," Moise said.
Activists calling for Moise's departure said his speech will only add fuel to their calls for renewed protests on Thursday when Haiti commemorates the assassination of its founding father, Jean-Jacques Dessalines.
"He doesn't take any responsibility," said Velina Charlier, a member of the anti-corruption grassroots organization Nou Pap Domi (We are not Sleeping).
In a statement, Nou Pap Domi said: "The president must resign. He has no credibility and has long lost our trust. Our position remains the same: A corrupt president can't govern our nation."
Opposition leader and attorney Andre Michel said the president's speech lacked credibility.
"Mr. Jovenel Moise does not have the moral authority to attack the guards of the exclusionary system that we are fighting today because his election campaign was betrothed by these people," Michel said, adding that during the 2016 elections Moise "had at his disposal more economic means than all the other candidates together."
Recalling the helicopters that flew the president to campaign stops and the boats that carried rice, iron and zinc sheeting to hurricane victims in Jeremie on his behalf, Michel said: "We are all aware of the need to break this system. That's why we fight every day alongside the Haitian people."
