Thousands of students could receive the wrong GCSE results under the new marking system, experts have warned.
For the first time, pupils in England will get numerical grades from 9, the highest, down to 1, instead of the traditional A* - G grades.
Experts have said the new system, which is attempting to reduce the number of top grades, could lead to pupils getting grades they should not receive.
Robert Coe, a professor in Durham University’s School of Education, said that in some cases a child’s grade will be “not much more than chance”.
“Part of the reason for the re-grading process was because the top grades had become a bit too common, and you want something that discriminates a bit more,” he said.
“But the trade-off is that it is more likely to be wrong, with people awarded a grade that they shouldn’t have. When you start to look, it is quite alarming. Individual subject grades can make a huge difference to someone’s whole life course. They really do matter.”
GCSEs have undergone the biggest shake-up in a generation as reforms which were started in 2011 under then Education Secretary Michael Gove are beginning to come into force.
The new courses feature much less coursework than the old GCSE qualifications, and modular courses - which saw pupils sit papers throughout their studies - have been scrapped in favour of "linear" GCSEs in which pupils take all of their exams at the end of the two-year course.
New reformed GCSEs are being introduced gradually. The first, which will be awarded for the first time today, are English language, English literature and maths. These are core GCSEs taken by all teenagers.
A grade 7 is broadly equivalent to an A under the old system, while a 4 is the same as a C. Fewer students will receive a grade 9 than would have received an A* under the old grading system.
The Department for Education has said that pupils who achieve a 4 in English and maths will not have to continue studying these subjects after the age of 16, in the same way that under the old system, those scoring at least a C did not have to continue.
