PHILADELPHIA _ Four years ago, Michael Ott's ex-girlfriend introduced him to the fireworks-tent business, a seasonal market that lasts a whirlwind 10 days leading up to the Fourth of July. He hasn't looked back since.
"I make more in a week and a half here than I do in six months at my two other jobs," Ott, 27, said last week as he stocked the tables at his tent, set up this year in a shopping center parking lot. "Aside from this, I work 365 days. I never take a vacation. This, these 10 days? This is my vacation."
This year, Ott's tent bears a large banner announcing: "We Have the Big Stuff!" He and his bosses at Keystone Fireworks, the Lancaster outfit that has hired him as a seasonal contractor, are counting on record-high sales: For the first time in decades, Pennsylvania residents are able to purchase consumer-grade explosive fireworks, such as mortars, rockets, and firecrackers with under 50 mg of explosive material.
The change came in October in an amendment to the state's tax code, one that also added a 12 percent excise tax on the newly legal fireworks. Legislators slipped the change in as part of this fiscal year's budget package, justifying the fireworks tax by allotting its funds to local police and fire departments.
But while consumers celebrate their new state-given right to graduate from sparklers and fountains, the producers and sellers of the fireworks are having a markedly different reaction.
Industry giants are bemoaning the tax, calling it unconstitutional and joining file a lawsuit in Commonwealth Court. They say the measure will damper the sales they expected from the new legalization.
Meanwhile, some municipalities around Philadelphia are cracking down, maintaining that local ordinances making it difficult for residents in suburban areas to shoot off the fireworks they're now legally able to purchase.
"For commodities like fireworks that are bought and used once a year, a total of 18 percent in sales tax is prohibitive," said Dan Peart, director of government affairs for Phantom Fireworks, which operates a store in Upland. "I think we would've liked to say we've seen an effect in sales by now, but it's not apparent. And people certainly aren't shy in telling us the price is too high."
Previously, state residents could set foot into Phantom and other big-name companies' showrooms to shop for nonexplosive novelties. But the explosive fireworks that the stores stocked were roped off, available only to out-of-state buyers.
It's why billboards for fireworks superstores scream at motorists near Pennsylvania's borders with other states, and why the stores themselves are strategically placed near those borders.
Data from the state Department of Finance show that there was an 824 percent increase in sales tax collected on fireworks in October 2017 compared with October 2016. Since then, it's closed the gap, with a 75 percent increase this May over May 2017.
Another major issue, Peart said, is that temporary facilities, such as tents, are now able to apply for permits to sell the explosive fireworks, which he fears will draw business from the brick-and-mortar stores.
"No one wants to sound like sour grapes here, but when we build our facilities, we don't get to skate on anything," he said. "So when you see these things in the tent, we're looking around saying, 'We can't compete with this.' They have no cost of entering the business and in investing in the industry."
Kevin Schaub, owner of Keystone Fireworks, also has concerns about safety in the tents, especially when comparing seasonal employees with the ones who work year-round in the dedicated stores.
"It's a matter of taking whoever's available," he said. "And that's part of my argument, because that's not the best way to sell explosives."
"Before, you were selling sparklers and ground fountains, things that don't go into the air," he said. "Now, suddenly you're selling things that explode, because of the change."
Walter Remmert, director of the state Department of Agriculture's bureau of ride and measurement standards, said those fears are overblown.
Of the 301 permits issued to temporary vendors since the change in the law, "the overwhelming majority" belong to major fireworks companies, including Phantom and TNT.
"To say they're above board is probably an understatement," said Remmert, whose department has been licensing permanent fireworks stores since 2006. "They have a lot of investment in this industry."
Remmert said the temporary structures are allowed to operate only between June 15 and July 8, and that most of them keep it to a much shorter period to hold costs down.
Every applicant is also required to get permits at the municipal level, Remmert said. And he's confident that his department can handle the new workload should any concerns arise.
"We're extremely familiar with regulatory oversight and responding to consumer complaints," he said. "The public is very diligent and timely in calling when there's a concern, and we respond quickly."
In some of the region's tents, business does seem to be booming.
"I think it's safe to say that the skies around here will be pretty well lit on the Fourth," Karen Kinsolving said as she manned a fireworks tent in Upper Darby.
In her five years of seasonal sales, Kinsolving said, customers would constantly ask about mortars, rockets and Roman candles. Now she no longer has to turn them away.
That interest has municipal leaders and first responders preparing for this fireworks season. But there's an odd clash of regulations.
The new state law says that aerial fireworks such as mortars and rockets can't be launched within 150 feet of occupied dwellings, and that anyone who wants to launch them must have explicit permission of the property owner. It's a moot point in the city, which outlaws the use of everything but sparklers.
Just northeast of the city, in Bensalem and Lower Southampton Townships, municipal leaders say they haven't changed the requirement for residents to get a permit from the local fire department to launch fireworks. That process also requires a visit to the intended site of the display by the fire marshal, according to Joe McFadden, the vice chairman of Lower Southampton's board of supervisors and a volunteer fire captain.
"It would be tough for anyone to get one in the first place, based on density between buildings here," he said.
Without a permit, the use of the legally purchased fireworks becomes illegal, and comes with a fine from $100 to $1,000.
"We've all heard stories of people blowing hands off. Now we're talking about mortars being shot into the air," he said. "I'm worried about people who are going to hurt themselves or others because they don't know how to do this kind of stuff."
Those concerns are shared by Capt. Joe Daly of the Springfield Police Department in Delaware County.
"This fireworks law change isn't the dumbest thing I ever heard," he said. "But it's probably No. 2."
