The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has more than 700 job vacancies in the division that approves new drugs, and officials say the agency is struggling to hire and retain staff because pharmaceutical companies lure them away.
"They can pay them roughly twice as much as we can," Janet Woodcock, who directs the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER).
The FDA has been criticized for taking too long to approve new drugs, despite approving a record number of generic drugs in 2015. Although it met its goal of hiring 1,000 new employees to help clear the backlog of unapproved generics, that program had nearly 200 job vacancies as of Sept. 30. And CDER itself had 711 openings out of 5,525 positions at the end of September, said spokeswoman Theresa Eisenman.
Most openings have occurred as the result of new laws or initiatives increasing the FDA's workload and creating new positions. The agency has had trouble accelerating its hiring in response, but the pace has picked up, Eisenman said. CDER continues to use FDA borrowed from other divisions, and contract workers to help fill the breach.
Should the center not come much closer to full strength, the FDA won't be able to speed approval of orphan drugs, said Peter Saltonstall, president and chief executive of the National Organization for Rare Disorders.
"Do the math, folks. ... You are talking about trying to get things expedited and move more quickly with that many openings?" Saltonstall said.
Woodcock wrote in December that staffing was a priority in 2016 because the center had "more than 600 staff vacancies." She called the federal hiring system "challenging." She said prospective candidates often take other jobs while waiting for the FDA to make offers.
"We move rather slowly _ like a snail might be a better analogy," said Peter Marks, director of the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. "A young person with a family can't wait four months for us to get through some of the federal hiring process. So if they have something else that's more ... expedient, they will take that."
Marks's team has 96 vacancies out of a ceiling of 1,137 positions, Eisenman said. Biologics are prescription drugs derived from living cells, and they're approved separately from other drugs under Woodcock's team.
In addition to earning lower federal salaries, Woodcock said new employees must sell any stocks they have in companies related to food or drugs before they begin working at the FDA. That can similarly deter good candidates.
"If we wish to hire people who are experienced from the industry, we have a great deal of trouble ... with their pension funds and other assets that they may have had," she said. "I've recently just had dreadful experiences in bringing people on. And some people just won't come. I've had a lot of people turn us down because they simply can't take the hit."
The 21st Century Cures Act, which passed the House in 2015 but has not been approved by the Senate, could help the agency meet its hiring goals. A part of the multibillion-dollar bill would amend existing law to make FDA postgraduate degree requirements less strict for some positions.
"The degree changes are intended to ensure all centers are getting the experts they need," said Jennifer Sherman, a spokeswoman for the House Energy and Commerce Committee. The agency's Office of Device Evaluation, for example, "needs engineers."
The bill also would allow the FDA to offer higher pay without prior approval from the executive branch, as long as the amount is less than the president's $400,000 annual salary.
The FDA has starting salaries up to $160,300 per year, according to listings on USAJobs.gov. CDER's employment page includes 20 different types of jobs opportunities, but only four of them are listed as "open." The rest are either "coming soon" or "closed."
House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said in October that she expected 21st Century Cures to pass soon but that its supporters will need to "build consensus." House Speaker Paul D. Ryan, R-Wis., said in September that the legislation would be on his to-do list when Congress returns to work this month. How to pay for it remains a major issue.
The pharmaceutical industry trade group considers FDA staffing a concern. Nicole Longo, a spokeswoman for Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, said the agency "must keep pace with the increasing number and complexity of medicines entering the review pipeline in order to make safe and effective new medicines available to patients expeditiously."
Joshua Sharfstein, a former principal deputy commissioner, suggests there should be as much focus on effective recruiting as on salary.
"I don't think the issue is so simple as we need to pay more than the pharmaceutical industry," he said. "People come to FDA in part because they really want to contribute to the national approach to pharmaceutical regulation."
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Kaiser Health News' coverage of prescription drug development, costs and pricing is supported in part by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation.
