Exercising during pregnancy can protect children from obesity later in life, a study has found.
Previous studies have already demonstrated that exercise by obese women during pregnancy benefits their offspring.
But a new study has for the first time shown that the same is true when non-obese women are active during pregnancy.
Jun Seok Son, a doctoral student at Washington State University, who carried out the study, said: “Based on our findings, we recommend that women - whether or not they are obese or have diabetes - exercise regularly during pregnancy because it benefits their children’s metabolic health.
“Our data suggests that the lack of exercise in healthy women during pregnancy can predispose their children to obesity and associated metabolic diseases partially through impairing thermogenic function.”
The researchers examined the offspring of mice that performed 60 minutes of moderate intensity exercise every morning during pregnancy.
Offspring born to mice that didn’t exercise were used as a control group.
At weaning, the offspring of the exercising mice showed increased levels of proteins associated with brown adipose tissue compared to the control group.
This type of tissue converts fat and sugar into heat.
The researchers also observed higher body temperatures in the exercise group, indicating that their brown adipose tissue was more efficient - or had a higher thermogenic function - which has been shown to prevent obesity and metabolic problems.
After weaning, the offspring followed a high-fat diet for eight weeks.
The mice in the exercise group not only gained less weight on the high-fat diet, but also showed fewer symptoms of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and fatty liver disease.
The researchers plan to perform additional studies to better understand the biological mechanisms responsible for the improved metabolic health in offspring of mothers who exercised.
Mr Son was due to present the research during the 2019 Experimental Biology meeting in Orlando, Florida, on Sunday.
