The climate crisis is a "longer term emergency" than the Covid-19 pandemic, Greens leader Patrick Harvie warned.
He made the comparison in a challenge to First Minister Nicola Sturgeon after the Scottish government published a new climate plan.
Harvie said there were missed opportunities and demanded an end to big road construction projects and a shift away from oil and gas.
"Even during a pandemic we need to recognise the far longer term emergency that we face - the climate emergency," he told Sturgeon at First Minister's Questions.
Harvie said Scotland should copy Norway, an oil-rich country which set a date for ending extraction.
He named New York as an example to follow after promises to stop investing in the fossil fuel industry.
And he demanded the SNP speak out against building a third runway at Heathrow airport.
"Elements in the climate plan are to be welcomed, including free bus travel for young people that will start next year, and increased budgets for low carbon homes and infrastructure for cycling and walking," he said.
"All of these are of course hard-won by the Scottish Greens in budget negotiations.
"But if Scotland is going to tackle the climate emergency, the Scottish Government must match its rhetoric with action, stop ploughing billions into new roads and catch up with the nations and regions that have begun transitioning and divesting from oil and gas."
The environmental objections to a third runway at the UK's biggest airport were overturned on Wednesday.
But with the UN climate change conference coming to Glasgow and tighter environmental targets there are doubts it will ever be approved.
Sturgeon said the Heathrow proposal is “not a decision for the Scottish Government”.
She added: "I'm very clear we have a responsibility to meet our own climate change target. We, unlike some other governments, include aviation emissions.
“I agree, there is a big question over new runways at a time when all of us are focused on making sure we reduce emissions.”
