Catalonia has declared independence from Spain, leading the Senate in Madrid to vote to allow the government of Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy to seize direct control of the region.
The vote in the regional parliament followed a tense week of last-ditch negotiations between Madrid and Barcelona.
The EU has called for calm after violence marred the day of the vote at the beginning of October. The Spanish government faced a barrage of criticism over the force it used.
The government in Madrid is set to meet at 4pm GMT to discuss the situation in Catalonia, and may move to sack the Catalan cabinet as it looks to take control.
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Seventy Catalan deputies voted for independence, with 10 opposed and two blank ballot slips.
Rounds of applause broke out in the chamber as members of the parliament hugged and shook hands.
Opposition MPs had walked out of the chamber ahead of Friday's vote in protest.
On Thursday Catalan president Carles Puigdemont had ruled out calling a snap election, thought to have been a potential way of defusing tension with the central government.
Mr Puigdemont said he had not received sufficient guarantees that Madrid would hold off on its attempts to take control of the region.
Spain's prime minister, Mariano Rajoy, tweeted immediately after the vote calling for calm. He said the rule of law would be restored in Catalonia.
