A baby froze to death in a buggy after his parents locked him on the balcony for five hours to reportedly help him sleep.
The seven-month-old boy was left in temperatures of -7C in Russia's far-eastern Khabarovsk region.
Local media say his parents placed him outside so he could get fresh air and fall asleep.
A preliminary report into the child's death in the town of Nikolayevsk-on-Amur suggested that it was the result of hypothermia, Russian news site Lenta reports.
Hypothermia occurs when the body's core temperature is lowered due to exposure to cold and those under the age of one and the elderly are most at risk.
In a statement, the region's health minister advised people to not leave children outside unattended.
It said: "Always know where and with whom [your child] is.
"Do not pass by if another child is in danger - in winter a child who is lost or injured on the street can very quickly become a victim of low temperatures."
The Ministry also said children in the region were increasingly becoming victims of their parents' "ignorance".
In countries with colder climates, it is not uncommon to briefly expose children to the cold in order to help them sleep.
It is also used as a way of preventing children catching colds and coughs.
