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Evening Standard
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Bonnie Christian

Astronomers make first direct observation of 'super-Jupiter' outside our solar system in scientific breakthrough

Astronomers have made the first direct observation of a planet outside our solar system in a scientific breakthrough that combines the light from multiple telescopes.

The "super-Jupiter" 129 light years from Earth was found to have a stormy atmosphere with swirling clouds of iron and silicate.

Usually scientists have to employ indirect methods to study exoplanets because of the blinding light of their stars.

On this occasion, they used a technique called optical interferometry that allowed four telescopes to work as one.

An artist's impression of what the planet might look like (ESO Science)

The result was an imaging system sensitive enough to disentangle light from the planet and its parent star.

The ESO Very Large Telescope during observations. (ESO/S. Brunier)

Findings from Gravity, an instrument that combines four light beams from the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope Interferometer in Chile, appear in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.

The planet, known as HR8799e, was discovered in 2010 orbiting a star in the Pegasus constellation.

Three of the four moveable units that feed light into the Very Large Telescope Interferometer, the world's most advanced optical instrument. (Y. Beletsky (LCO)/ESO)

It is a world unlike any found in our own solar system that is both more massive and much younger than any planet orbiting the sun.

Sylvestre Lacour, from the Paris Observatory in France and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, said: "Our observations suggest a ball of gas illuminated from the interior, with rays of warm light swirling through stormy patches of dark clouds.

The Laser Guide Star is launched from the VLT's 8.2-metre Yepun Telescope and aims at the centre of our galaxy, in the heart of the brightest part of the Milky Way. (G. HÃ atacamaphoto.com)

"Convection moves around the clouds of silicate and iron particles, which disaggregate and rain down into the interior.

"This paints a picture of a dynamic atmosphere of a giant exoplanet at birth, undergoing complex physical and chemical processes."

The ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) platform, atop Cerro Paranal, in the Chilean Atacama Desert. (J.L. Dauvergne)

Previous Gravity achievements include last year's observation of gas swirling at 30 percent the speed of light just outside the massive black hole at the centre of our galaxy, the Milky Way.

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