Arsenal undersold Alex Iwobi by almost £19million, but managed to get David Luiz for a fraction of his real value, according to new data published by a UK-based investment company.
London-based Carteret Analytics believes Nigerian winger Iwobi had a value close to £46.3m - but Arsenal were willing to deal with Everton for only £27.4m.
Meanwhile, the experienced central defender David Luiz arrived at the Emirates Stadium for a mere £7.8m - four-and-a-half times below his actual value of £34.8m.
The worth of both players was calculated based on their 'intrinsic value' - "a calculated fee based on performances for the selling club and the projected impact on the buying club, as well as taking into consideration their prime age."
As the BBC explains, "By assessing the intrinsic value, clubs can determine how much money they want to receive for a player and likewise, how much they are willing to spend on any new players."
Based on this metric, Arsenal were also deemed to have paid above the odds for Nicolas Pepe - the reported £72m coughed up was almost £22m higher than the Ivorian winger's intrinsic value.
Likewise, the Gunners are adjudged to have paid Saint-Étienne around £8.5m more than young centre back William Saliba's intrinsic value.
The French teenager cost Arsenal £27m in July but was immediately loaned back to the Ligue 1 side for the 2019/20 season.
Arsenal's remaining summer recruit, Kieran Tierney, is a little harder to place.
He cost Unai Emery's side a reported £25m - but the BBC spells out there is "not enough data on Scottish football to determine an accurate intrinsic value."
