Inheriting money or property should feel like a blessing. But for many families, it turns into a nightmare. Taxes can eat up a huge chunk of an inheritance if you make the wrong moves. Some people lose almost everything overnight because of simple mistakes. These errors are easy to make, especially when you’re grieving or not familiar with tax rules. Knowing what to avoid can help you keep more of what your loved one wanted you to have.
1. Not Understanding the Estate Tax Threshold
Many people think estate taxes only hit the super-rich. That’s not always true. The federal estate tax exemption changes often, and some states have their own rules. If you don’t know the current threshold, you might not plan ahead. For example, in 2024, the federal exemption is $13.61 million, but states like Massachusetts and Oregon tax estates worth much less. If you inherit property in one of these states, you could face a big tax bill. Always check both federal and state laws before making decisions about an inheritance.
2. Failing to Get a Step-Up in Basis
A step-up in basis can save you a lot of money. When you inherit assets like stocks or real estate, the value resets to the market price on the date of death. If you sell right away, you might owe little or no capital gains tax. But if you don’t document the new value, the IRS could use the original purchase price. That means you pay tax on all the gains, not just what happened after you inherited. Always get an appraisal or other proof of value as soon as possible. This step is easy to miss, but it can cost you thousands.
3. Cashing Out Retirement Accounts Too Soon
Inherited IRAs and 401(k)s come with strict rules. If you cash out the account right away, you could face a huge tax bill. The IRS treats the money as income, and it could push you into a higher tax bracket. There are ways to stretch out withdrawals over several years, which can lower your tax hit. The rules changed in 2020 with the SECURE Act, so most non-spouse heirs must empty the account within 10 years. If you don’t follow the rules, you could also face penalties. Take time to learn your options before touching retirement funds.
4. Ignoring State Inheritance and Estate Taxes
Federal taxes get most of the attention, but state taxes can be just as painful. Some states have inheritance taxes, which are different from estate taxes. Inheritance taxes are paid by the person receiving the money, not the estate. The rates and exemptions vary a lot. For example, Nebraska and Iowa have inheritance taxes, while most states do not. If you inherit from someone in another state, you might owe taxes there even if you don’t live there. Always check the rules for every state involved.
5. Missing Deadlines for Filing and Payment
The IRS and state tax agencies have strict deadlines. If you miss them, you could face interest and penalties. Estate tax returns are usually due nine months after the date of death. Some states have even shorter deadlines. If you need more time, you can request an extension, but you still have to pay estimated taxes on time. Missing a deadline can turn a manageable tax bill into a financial disaster. Set reminders and get help if you need it.
6. Not Planning for Taxes on Life Insurance Proceeds
Most people think life insurance is always tax-free. That’s not always the case. If the estate is the beneficiary, the payout could be included in the estate’s value for tax purposes. This can push the estate over the exemption limit and trigger taxes. Also, if you inherit a policy and cash it out, you might owe income tax on the gains. Make sure the beneficiary designations are up to date and consider the tax impact before making changes.
7. Overlooking Gift Taxes on Pre-Death Transfers
Some people try to avoid estate taxes by giving away assets before they die. This can backfire. The IRS has strict rules about how much you can give each year without triggering gift taxes. In 2024, the annual limit is $18,000 per person. If you go over, you have to file a gift tax return, and it could reduce your lifetime exemption. Large gifts made within three years of death can also be pulled back into the estate for tax purposes. Always talk to a tax professional before making big gifts.
Protecting Your Inheritance: What You Can Do Now
Losing an inheritance to taxes is painful, but it’s often preventable. The key is to know the rules and act quickly. Don’t assume you’re safe just because you’re not wealthy. State laws, deadlines, and paperwork can trip up anyone. Get appraisals, check beneficiary forms, and talk to a tax expert if you’re unsure. A little planning can save you and your family from losing what should be a lasting legacy.
Have you or someone you know faced a surprise tax bill after inheriting? Share your story or advice in the comments.
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