Backyard bonfires and burn barrels might seem like harmless traditions or cheap clean-up hacks, but illegally burning the wrong materials can land you in serious hot water—literally and figuratively. Common local and state laws prohibit burning many items that can pollute the air, damage your health, or risk wildfires. Knowing what counts as illegal backyard burning helps you avoid fines, protect your family, and do right by your neighbors. So before you toss something on the fire, pause and check the rules—your wallet and the environment will thank you. Here are five things that are illegal to burn in your backyard (but people still do).
Are You Illegal Backyard Burning?
1. Garbage, Paper & Cardboard
It may seem efficient to toss old mail, packaging, or trash into the flames, but burning garbage is illegal in nearly every jurisdiction. In North Carolina, state law explicitly bans burning anything non-vegetative, including trash, paper, cardboard, plastics, and treated wood. Burning these materials releases toxic chemicals and contributes to air pollution. Local fire codes also harshly prohibit burning rubbish in fire pits or barrels. Instead of burning, recycle or dispose of trash at a proper facility.
2. Tires and Rubber Products
Tires, hoses, and other rubber items are often seen piled next to burn barrels, but lighting them up releases harmful pollutants—like PAHs and heavy metals—and is illegal just about everywhere. North Carolina lists tires and rubber products among explicitly prohibited materials. Washington State warns that burning rubber can lead to fines up to $10,000 per day. On top of environmental damage, burning rubber creates dense, toxic smoke that can cause breathing problems. Always recycle or dispose of rubber properly.
3. Plastics, Paint, and Household Chemicals
From plastic bottles to old paint cans, these items should never end up in your fire. Burning plastics and chemicals releases dangerous toxins like dioxins and heavy metals. North Carolina law strictly forbids plastic and paint disposal via backyard bonfires. In South Carolina, open burning of household cleaners, paints, and plastics is banned. Instead, take chemical waste to a hazardous materials collection site or follow proper disposal protocols.
4. Construction Debris, Treated Wood & Metal
Demolition leftovers—such as lumber, drywall, wiring, metal scraps, roofing shingles, and treated wood—are often tossed into burn piles, but that’s illegal too. Some states classify these materials as non-vegetative and ban them from open burns. They release toxic compounds like formaldehyde and creosote when burned. Even local ordinances in places like York County, SC, condemn burning construction waste on residential property. As a safer alternative, use bulk pickup, landfill drop-off, or recycling programs.
5. Dead Animals, Asphalt & Petroleum Products
It might sound unlikely, but some people burn carcasses or oily asphalt on backyard braziers—a major no-no. Washington State law, for instance, specifically prohibits burning dead animals, asphalt, and petroleum products. These materials generate carcinogens and foul odors and can contaminate soil and water. They’re often targeted for hefty fines or criminal charges, sometimes up to $10,000 per day. Always use licensed disposal for animal remains and asphalt, and recycle or dispose of fuel products properly.
Stay Safe, Stay Legal — Fire Smart Backyard Rules
You don’t have to give up your fire pit or outdoor fire—just do it right. Stick to clean-burning materials like firewood and untreated brush, check for local burn bans or permits, and never leave fires unattended. By avoiding illegal burning and choosing safer disposal options, you’re protecting your family and community. Ready for summer evenings without the smoke? Just follow the rules and enjoy responsibly.
Have you ever seen someone burning off-limit items in their backyard—or maybe had a close call yourself? Share your experience in the comments to help others stay safe and legal!
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